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Human development index is released by UNDP (United Nation Development Programme). This report has four parameters: HDI, IHDI, GII and MPI. The report was first launched in 1990 by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen.
The Human Development Index is based on assessing progress on three dimensions of human development. First, a long and healthy life measured through life expectancy of the population. Second, access to knowledge measured by mean years of education among the adult population, and access to learning and knowledge measured by expected years of schooling for children of school-entry age. And last, standard of living measured by the country’s per-capita gross national income (GNI).
India has a GII value of 0.563. India ranked 130th in this index, well behind Bangladesh and Pakistan. GII is based on reproductive health (measured by maternal mortality and adolescent birth rates), empowerment (measured by the share of parliamentary seats held by women and attainment in secondary and higher education by each gender), and economic activity (measured by the labour market participation rate for women and men).
This was firstly introduced in 2010 in Human Development Report. This measures the inequalities in all the three parameters of HDI: health, education and income. This focuses on the gap between poor and rich on any of these three parameters. IHDI for India is 0.435, which is high in numbers. India ranked 98th in this index. Norway ranked 1st in this index.
The 2010 HDR introduced the MPI, which identifies multiple deprivations in the same households in education, health and living standards. The education and health dimensions are each based on two indicators, while the standard of living dimension is based on six indicators.
Health: Child Mortality and nutrition.
Education: Years of schooling and School attendance.
Living Standards: Cooking fuel, Toilet, Water, Electricity, Floor and assets
All of the indicators needed to construct the MPI for a household are taken from the same household survey. According to this index, 55.3 per cent of India’s population were multidimensionally poor in 2005-06, while another 18.2 per cent lived near multidimensional poverty. This is based on decade old data, current position of India is certainly better.
By: Vishal ProfileResourcesReport error
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