System Of Aerosol Monitoring And Research (SAMAR)

Environment and Ecology Air Pollution

The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has launched a System of Aerosol Monitoring and Research (SAMAR).
It will help the country in studying concentration of black carbon in atmosphere due to air pollution and its impact on climate.
The system was launched by the Union science and technology minister Harsh Vardhan on the IMD’s 141st foundation day.
System of Aerosol Monitoring And Research (SAMAR) is a network of 16 Aethalometers[1], 12 Sky radiometers[2] and 12 Nephelometers [3]to study black-carbon concentration, aerosol radiative properties, environmental visibility respectively & their climatological impacts
At present, India has to depend on other countries’ research for this purpose.

About Aersol:

An aerosol can be defined as a system of solid or liquid particles suspended in air or other gaseous environment. Aerosols vary in size and composition, they can be naturally or manmade generated.
Examples of natural aerosols are fog, forest exudates and geyser steam. Examples of artificial aerosols are haze, dust, particulate air pollutants and smoke.

Effect of Aerosol:

Aerosols interact both directly and indirectly with the Earth's radiation budget and climate. As a direct effect, the aerosols scatter sunlight directly back into space. As an indirect effect, aerosols in the lower atmosphere can modify the size of cloud particles, changing how the clouds reflect and absorb sunlight, thereby affecting the Earth's energy budget along with precipitation.
When aerosols absorb pollutants, it facilitates the deposition of pollutants to the surface of the earth as well as to bodies of water. This has the potential to be damaging to both the environment and human health.
Aerosol particles with an effective diameter smaller than 10 µm can enter the bronchi, while the ones with an effective diameter smaller than 2.5 µm can enter as far as the gas exchange region in the lungs,which can be hazardous to human health.
Volcanic eruptions release large amounts of sulphuric acid, hydrogen sulphide and hydrochloric acid into the atmosphere. These gases represent aerosols and eventually return to earth as acid rain, having a number of adverse effects on the environment and human life.

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