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1. LIGO stands for Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory. 2. It is situated in the United States and comprises of two L-shaped interferometers. 3. These L-shaped interferometers are established in a tunnels 4 kms long. 4. One of the interferometer is located at Hanford in Washington and other in Livingston in Louisiana both 3000 kms apart to ensure simultaneous detection of waves at both places. 5. This spatial distance further eliminates any possibility of readings arising out of tremors. 6. It has a precision of measuring any variation in space to as small as 10^(-18) m or attometer.
About Gravitational waves: It comes a century after Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity held that acceleration of massive bodies should produce gravitational waves, which travel through the universe at the speed of light. The gravitational waves detected, and announced to the world, were produced more than a billion years ago by a cataclysmic collision of two black holes, one of them with a mass 36 times that of the Sun and the other slightly smaller at 29 times, into one black hole. The gravitational waves give scientists insights into the final moments before the merger. Gravitational waves are disturbances in the fabric of spacetime. If you drag your hand through a still pool of water, you’ll notice that waves follow in its path, and spread outward through the pool. According to Albert Einstein, the same thing happens when heavy objects move through spacetime.But how can space ripple? According to Einstein’s general theory of relativity, spacetime isn’t a void, but rather a four-dimensional “fabric,” which can be pushed or pulled as objects move through it. These distortions are the real cause of gravitational attraction. India's contribution:
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