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Measures: Carbon capture and storage (CCS): In this measure, some of the carbon dioxide being emitted by coal-fired power stations is recaptured by physically sucking it in and transporting it elsewhere to be sequestered underground. The first 115 MW CCS retrofitted coal power plant commenced operation at Boundary Dam in Canada in 2014. The carbon dioxide captured there is transported and pumped into nearby oilfields for enhanced oil recovery. This has reduced its carbon dioxide emission by one million tonne each year. Increase forest cover: It will absorb some of the unwanted carbon dioxide. Solar radiation management (SRM) Here the plan is to reduce global warming by cutting down the heat absorbed by our planet from the sun. Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI): SAI, the boldest and also the most risky of climate engineering interventions, involves spraying into the stratosphere fine, light-coloured particles designed to reflect back part of the solar radiation before it reaches and warms the earth. SAI proponents claim that this could bring down the global temperature by as much as 1°C — a substantial amount in the climate change context. This is neither science fiction nor fantasy. Much preliminary research has already been done on this technique and reviewed in major journals. The optimal gases for injection, such as sulphur dioxide (SO{-2}), can be produced in abundance. Furthermore, just a few airplanes specially redesigned for the purpose may suffice for injecting the required aerosol into the stratosphere. There are also precedents from nature. The 1991 volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines injected 20 megatonnes of SO{-2}into the stratosphere, cooling the globe significantly for a couple of years. But SAI also has the potential for disastrous side effects, crossing national boundaries. The Pinatubo volcanic eruption is also said to have reduced precipitation, soil moisture, and river flow in many regions. Injection of sulphur compounds into the stratosphere is likely to increase acid deposition on the ground and also contribute to ozone layer depletion. Apart from such “known unknowns”, there could also be, to use the catchphrase, the “unknown unknowns”.SAI research is still at a theoretical and laboratory level. Analysis:
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