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The Indus Waters Treaty is a water-distribution treaty between India and Pakistan, brokered by the World Bank (then the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development). The treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960 by Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru and President of Pakistan Ayub Khan.
The Indus system of rivers consist of River Indus and 5 of its major tributaries: 1. Jhelum, 2. Chenab, 3. Ravi, 4. Beas and 5. Satluj Other tributaries of river Indus include: Zaskar, Shyok, Giglgit, (Kurram, Gomal, Tochi, Viboa, Sangar and Kabul originate in Sulaiman Ranges).
1. It originates from a glacier at Bokhar Chu in Kailash Mountain Range in Tibet. 2. In Tibet it is known as Sanghi Khambab i.e. Lion’s Mouth. 3. Flows between Ladakh and Zaskar ranges in Ladakh and Baltistan region. 4. It enters Pakistan near Chillar in Dardistan Region (Dardistan is a term coined by Gottlieb William Leitner for northern Pakistan,Kashmir and parts of north eastern Afghanistan. It is inhibited by Dards speaking Dardic language and hence the name Dardistan). 5. It receives Panjnad little before Mithankot in Pakistan. 6. The Indus flows through Indian only in Leh district of J&K.
1. Originates from springs at the foothills of Pir Panjal at Veering in Kashmir. 2. Flows through Srinagar and Wular Lake before entering Pakistan. 3. It meets Chenab at Jhang.
1. Largest tributary of River Indus. 2. Formed by 2 streams — Chandra and Bhaga which join at Tandi near Keylong in HP. 3. It is also known as Chandrabhaga River.
1. Rises west of Rohtang Pass in Kullu district of HP. 2. Joins Chenab at Sarai Sidhu before entering Pakistan.
1. Originate from Beas Kund near Rohtang Pass. 2. It meets Satluj Near Harike
1. Originates in Rakas lake near Mansarovar Lake. 2. In Tibet it is known as Langchen Khambab i.e. horse mouth. 3. It is an antecedent river.
1. India has exclusive jurisdiction over the waters of 3 eastern rivers — Ravi, Beas and Satluj. 2. Pakistan has exclusive jurisdiction over the waters of 3 western rivers — Jhelum, Chenab and Indus. 3. India being upper riparian state can make use of water of the 3 western rivers on 3 accounts: 1. Irrigation, 2. Transportation and 3. Hydroelectricity generation 4. For cooperation and sharing of data the treaty envisions Permanent Indus Commission with one commissioner from each side. 5. India can make use of 20% of the western river waters for non-consumptive purpose like navigation, flood control, hydro-generation and irrigation.
India has agreed to waters of 3 eastern rivers which carry 33 Million Acre Feet of Water in a year as against 135 MAF of the water carried by Western Rivers. India is currently underutilising Indus Waters 1. India is allowed to use 20% of Indus water and currently using only 4%. The usage share can be increased. 2. India is currently using power generation below the permitted limit i.e. India can generate approximately 18600 MW of electricity from western rivers. India is currently generating only 3000 MW and another 2500 MW is under construction. 5800 MW electricity generation is under planning. This means another ~8000 MW is available to be exploited. 3. India’s planned projects need to be executed. The planned projects are: 1. Pakal Dul Dam on Marusadar, Chenab’s tributary in Kishtwar district. 2. Sawalkot dam on Jhelum in Udhampur 3. Bursar dam in Kishtwar district on Chenab
Kishenganga Project — run-of-the-river project on Kishenganga River (Neelum River in Pakistan) Baglihar Project — run-of-the-river project on Chenab in Doda district of J&K
By: Deepak Thakur ProfileResourcesReport error
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