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National Consciousness was an outcome of the overall impact of British rule and its exploitative policies. The British colonial rule not only affected various sections of the Indian society, it also encouraged the emergence of national consciousness as a response and reaction to the British policies. At the mass level it found expression in the form of popular revolts and uprisings which were sporadic and transient in nature. In the latter half of the nineteenth century it led to the development of national political consciousness, and ultimately it gave birth to an organized national movement. Basically, the Indian nationalism arose to meet the challenge of foreign domination. The important causes or factors that led to the development of national consciousness among Indians were as follows:
Lord Lytton was succeeded by Lord Rippon (1880-84), a liberal viceroy who withdrew the vernacular press Act and introduced Illbert Bill in order to place the Indian judges on an equal footing with the European judges. But the Bill became controversial and was withdrawn due to strong opposition by the Europeans and Anglo-Indians. The Ilbert Bill Controversy acted as the final point. It convinced Indians that they are never going to be treated as equals by the English and they could also attain freedom through strong opposition and agitation just like the agitation of Europeans against the Illbert Bill. Thus, we can conclude that the rise and growth of the Indian National Movement was an outcome of a combination of many factors. The British imperialism and colonialism being the key factor, but other factors also played a significant role. The National Movement united people of different classes and sections against a common enemy which they successfully ousted from their motherland.
By: Raghwendra Chauhan ProfileResourcesReport error
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