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I. Irrigation Focus should be 'more crop per drop'with adoption of appropriate technologies such as micro irrigation through suitable pricing. There is a need for expansion of irrigated area, arrest the declining trend in efficient utilization of irrigation potential and enhance on-farm Water-Use-Efficiency (WUE) spatially and temporally to increase the productivity in agriculture. In this context, the Government has recently launched the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) aiming at providing water to every field of agriculture. II. Mechanisation The overall level of mechanization in farming is below 50% in the case of majority of the farming operations in India.With shortage of labour for agricultural operations owing to rural urban migration, shift from agriculture to services and rise in demand for labour in non-farm activities, there is need to use labour for agricultural operations judiciously, which makes a strong case for mechanization of farming. The promotion of appropriate farm equipment which are durable, light weight and low cost, region, crop and operation specific using indigenous/adapted technologies need to be made available for small and marginal farmers to improve productivity. The tools and equipment should be designed ergonomically to suit the needs of women workers so that there would be better adoption of technologies in agriculture. III. Seed Development It is estimated that the quality of seed accounts for 20 to 25% of productivity. The challenges in development and adoption of quality seeds are development of new seeds especially early ripening and resistant (to pest, moisture variations, etc.) varieties, high cost of seeds for small and marginal farmers, shortage of supply of quality seeds, non-resolution of issues related to adoption of Genetically Modified (GM) crops and inadequate number of players restricting competition. The issues that require immediate attention are affordability, availability, research and technology for seed development, GM crops and seed. The adoption of hybrid and HYV seeds is one definite pathway to raising productivity in Indian agriculture. IV. Fertilizers The indiscriminate use of fertilizers has not proportionally improved the yield of crops, but has resulted in the depletion of soil fertility and salination of soil in many areas. There is need to rationalize fertilizer subsidy in an input, crop and region neutral format and minimize diversions. The disbursal of subsidy on fertilizers should shift to DBT, the benefits of which will be maximized, if all controls (including imports) on the fertilizer industry/outputs are lifted simultaneously Linking the Soil Health Card to provide profile of the soil and fertilizer on the basis of the same profile utilizing fertilizer, even if not subsidized can improve the yield of crops. The deficiency of micronutrients like boron, zinc, copper and iron in Indian soils can be overcome if there is expansion of the use of organic fertilizer. V. Pesticides In India, the farmer's crop yield losses range from 15 to 25% owing to the presence of weeds, pests, diseases and rodents. India uses a low amount of 0.5 kg per ha pesticide. However, the use of pesticides without following proper guidelines, use of sub-standard pesticides and lack of awareness about pesticide use are key concerns in India. Besides information dissemination among farmers to encourage appropriate application of pesticides there is also a need for greater focus on Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Being environment friendly, non- toxic and cost effective, bio-pesticides need to be promoted among small farmers to improve productivity in agriculture. VI. Credit According to NSSO, 70th round data, as much as 40% of the funds of farmers still come from informal sources. Local money lenders account for almost 26% share of total agricultural credit. In respect of high interest rates, DBT may be considered to replace subvention of interest rates. The ratio of agricultural credit to agricultural GDP has increased from 10% in 1999-2000 to around 38% by 2012-13. However, the share of long-term credit in agriculture or investment credit has declined from 55% in 2006-07 to 39% in 2011-12. The decline in the share of long-term credit in agriculture needs to be arrested and reversed. Accordingly, the Government of India has allocated Rs. 15,000 crore to the Long Term Rural Credit Fund (LTRCF) set up in the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) for 2015-16. VII. Agriculture Extension Services Agriculture extension services can improve productivity in agriculture by providing timely advisory services to farmers to adopt best practices, technology, meet with contingencies, market information etc. There needs to be a shift to demand driven agricultural advisory services that will cater to farmer, region and crop-specific needs. This can be done through a virtual connect, using IT (mobile and internet),integration of agricultural extension services with all stakeholders VIII. Investment in Agriculture and Allied Sectors As per the revised estimates, the percentage share of Gross Capital Formation (GCF) in agriculture and allied sector in the GVA (GDP) from agriculture has also shown a decline from 18.3% in 2011-12 to 15.8% in 2014-15. This declining trend needs to be arrested and reversed. The increase in investment rate in agriculture has to come from both the public and private sectors
By: Deepak Garg ProfileResourcesReport error
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