Paris pact and India

Environment and Ecology Envirnment and Climate Change

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Major concerns raised by India in — mitigation of carbon emissions, adaptation to climate change, financing, technology development and transfer, capacity building and transparency are addressed in final draft of Paris draft. The solar alliance which the Prime Minister had launched was another success, bringing together 120 nations and winning plaudits from France. In the voluntary pledge — the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) — submitted to the UNFCCC, India lists investments in agriculture, water resources, coastal regions, health and disaster management, besides major goals such as reducing emissions intensity of the GDP by 33-35 per cent over 2005 levels by 2030. specific mitigation, and only aims at achieving better overall energy efficiency reflected in lower intensity. New initiatives are to be launched in areas such as cleaner thermal power generation, promoting renewable energy, reducing emissions from transport and waste, and creating climate resilient infrastructure.The transparency framework under Article 13 of the Paris Agreement does provide “built-in flexibility”, which takes into account the different capacities of countries. As a fast-developing country with growing carbon emissions, the framework is expected to significantly apply to India.

The wins

Developed countries tried their best to remove the difference between developing and developed countries , so that common emission reduction target can be set up. India and other developing countries able to maintain this difference in Paris summit.
There is no forcible ratcheting up of emission targets periodic call.
India does not have to compulsorily provide climate finance.
No peaking of emissions before other countries.
The Paris pact not entirely centered on mitigation, but it lays substantial stress on other elements such as finance, adaptation, loss & damage.

The losses

India is cheering about the insertion of the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities enshrined in the UNFCCC and words like equity and climate justice are absent in final draft.
Transparency mechanism brings equivalence between developed and developing countries through the ‘back door’. Global financial flows for thermal power in India will shrink with time. India, despite contributing little to the problem and having limited capacity to address it, would have been placed under undue pressure to prematurely limit emissions.
But with crucial phrases like “historic responsibility” and distinction between Annex and non-Annex countries missing,. the absence of phrase “historical responsibility” has weakened the obligations of developed countries to take actions due to their past activities.
No legally binding targets on finance or emissions cuts have been mentioned in the agreement.

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