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3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using additive processes. In an additive process an object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is created. Each of these layers can be seen as a thinly sliced horizontal cross-section of the eventual object. A 3D printer is a type of industrial robot.
3D printing was invented by Chuck Hull in 1986 based on a fabrication process called Stereolithography (SLA). Since that time numerous other 3D printing technologies have been developed, such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)/Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), PolyJetting and others, all of which rely on layer-by-layer fabrication and are based on a computer code fed to the printer.
Working: It all starts with making a virtual design of the object you want to create. This virtual design is made in a CAD (Computer Aided Design) file using a 3D modeling program (for the creation of a totally new object) or with the use of a 3D scanner (to copy an existing object). A 3D scanner makes a 3D digital copy of an object. To prepare a digital file for printing, the 3D modeling software “slices” the final model into hundreds or thousands of horizontal layers. When the sliced file is uploaded in a 3D printer, the object can be created layer by layer. The 3D printer reads every slice (or 2D image) and creates the object, blending each layer with hardly any visible sign of the layers, with as a result the three dimensional object.
Applications: Medical:3D printed models of human organs-surgeons can actually touch and feel physical replicas of the patient’s organs, bone structures. Patients around the world are experiencing improved quality of care through 3D printed implants and prosthetics never before seen. Bio-printing-organs and body parts are built using inkjet techniques. Layers of living cells are deposited onto a gel medium and slowly built up to form three dimensional structures. Within 15 to 20 years it’s very possible that we will be 3D printing entire human organs for transplantation.
Aerospace & aviation industries: developments in the metal additive manufacturing sector. E.g. In march 2015 the FAA cleared GE Aviation’s first 3D printed jet engine part to fly. Companies like Boeing and Airbus are using 3D printing to reduce the weight of their aircraft, allowing them to cut fuel costs for each flight.
Automotive industry: among the earliest adopters of 3D printing it has for decades relegated 3d printing technology to low volume prototyping applications. Industrial printing: Rapid manufacturing is a new method of manufacturing where companies are using 3D printers for short run custom manufacturing. In this way of manufacturing the printed objects are not prototypes but the actual end user product. Here you can expect more availability of personally customized products.
Architecture and construction: 3D-printed models of complex architectural drawings are created quickly and inexpensively.
Art/Education: Artists are not only able to jot their ideas down on a computer screen; they are able to physically bring those ideas into reality via digital models.
Scenario in India: India is relatively new to 3D printers and with increasing initiatives by local assemblers and domestic manufactures; the 3D printers are available at affordable cost to consumers. The location of research and development bases of most of the manufacturing and engineering companies present a wide opportunity for rapid adoption of 3D printers in the country.
Indian market is sensitive towards prices of 3D printer technology. Utilization of 3D printers on commercial scale is yet to develop on large scale due to expensive nature, lack of awareness, and scalability of machines. These aforementioned reasons inhibit market growth in India.
As of 2013, electronics application leads the market (volume share of 24.1%) followed by automotive (21.2%), medical (15%), industrial (13.8%), aerospace (10.8%), architectural (5.2%), and educational (3.0%). India 3D printer market revenue is projected to reach $46 million by the year 2019.
Indian market for 3D printers have more potential in commercial segment including healthcare sector, architecture, educational, art & craft, and other 3D printing service provider companies. Special purpose applications, extent of customisation, use in organ replacement, customised footwear designs, interior decoration, furniture modelling, educational models, fashion & apparels, animation & gaming, and chocolate and drug printing are some of the niche applications of 3D printers in Indian market.
By: Dr. Vivek Rana ProfileResourcesReport error
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