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Broadly, the reform movements of the nineteenth century can be categorised into two types.
One of these categories can be called the Reformist movements like the Brahmo Samaj, the Prarthana Samaj and the Aligarh movement.
The other category is that of the Revivalist movements such as the Arya Samaj and the Deoband movement. Both the types of movements relied on an appeal to the purity of religion they wanted to reform but the degree of emphasis on tradition, reason or conscience varied. These movements made a simultaneous emphasis on religious and social reforms because most of the social customs and institutions were inspired directly or indirectly by religion. Some of the prominent socio-religious reform movements, their founders and important leaders were as follows:
1. Brahmo Samaj – Raja Rammohan Roy, Debendranath Tagore and Keshab Chandra Sen
2. Prarthana Samaj – Atmaram Pandurang, R. G. Bhandarkar, M. G. Ranade and N. G. Chandavarkar
3. Arya Samaj – Swami Dayanand Saraswati
4. Ramakrishna Movement – Ramakrishna Paramahansa and Swami Vivekananda
5. Theosophical Movement – Madame H. P. Blavatsky, Colonel M. S. Olcott and Annie Besant
6. Aligarh Movement – Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
7. Deoband Movement – Mohd. Qasim Nanotavi and Rashid Ahmed Gangohi
8. Satyashodhak Samaj – Jyotiba Phule
9. Ezhava Movement – Sri Narayan Guru
10. Singh Sabha Movement – Thakur Singh Sandhawalia and Giani Gian Singh
11. Rahnumai Mazdyasnan Sabha – Dadabhai Naoroji, J. B. Wacha, S. S. Bengali and Naoroji Furdonji
By: Raghwendra Chauhan ProfileResourcesReport error
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