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Bharat stage emission standards are emission standards instituted by the Government of India to regulate the output of air pollutants from internal combustion engine equipment, including motor vehicles. The standards and the timeline for implementation are set by the Central Pollution Control Board under the Ministry of Environment & Forests and climate change.
Timeline 1991 - Vehicle emission norms introduced in India 1999 - SC order government to introduce Euro norms like pollution control regime. 2000 - onwards Bharat State emission standard I introduced. 2003 - Dr. R.A. Mashelkar Committee drafted “Auto Fuel Policy”. it recommended adopting Bharat stage 3 and stage 4 fuel standards. 2005 - Auto Fuel Policy 2003 implemented; Bharat 3 standards introduced in 13 major cities. 2010 - By 2010 entire India under Bharat stage 3. 2012 - Petroleum ministry had setup Saumitra Chaudhuri Committee for Auto fuel vision policy 2025 2016- the Indian government announced that the country would skip the Euro V norms altogether and adopt Euro VI norms by 2020.
The Bharat Stage norms are based on European regulations. In 13 major cities, Bharat Stage IV emission standards were put in place in April 2010. BS-IV norms were supposed to come into effect nationwide from April 2017.
In the new emission standard, BHARAT STAGE VI, particulate matter (PM) emission for diesel cars would be 80 per cent less than BS-IV and the nitrogen oxide (NOx) level would be 83 per cent lower. The sulphur content in fuel norms for diesel and petrol under both V and VI standards would not change at 10 parts per million, though it is substantially less than the 50 mandated for both fuels under BS-IV. Reduction in Sulphur content is one of the major challenges for refineries.
With other developing countries such as China having already upgraded to the equivalent of Euro V emission norms a while ago, India has been lagging behind. While BS IV-compliant fuel currently in use has 50 parts per million (ppm) sulphur, BS VI stipulates a low 10 ppm. Besides, under BS VI, particulate matter emission for diesel cars and nitrogen oxide levels are expected to be substantially lower than in BS IV.
The experience of countries such as China and Malaysia (which is currently grappling with haze) shows that poor air quality can be bad for business. Therefore, leapfrogging to BS VI can put India ahead in the race for investments too.
POLLUTANT MAPPING CO/Carbon Monoxide emissions- more evident in Petrol engines. Long Term exposure can prevent oxygen transfer and increase headaches/nausea. HC emissions are Hydrocarbons which are again more prevalent in Petrol engines. Short term exposure can cause headaches, vomiting and disorientation. NOx emissions are Nitrogen Oxide emissions which are more prevalent in Diesel engines. Long Term exposure can cause Nose and eye irritation and damage lung tissue. PM is Particulate matter, again more prevalent in a Diesel engine. Long Term exposure can harm the respiratory tract and reduce lung function.
Why the industry is resisting the change? There are two major industries which now face problems: first is the oil refineries that will need a substantial investment to upgrade. These upgrades will allow the refineries to supply fuel types that can match the BS-V and BS-VI standards.The shift of technology from BS-IV to BS-VI is likely to cost anything between Rs 50,000 crore to Rs 80,000 crore to petroleum companies. Second, the automobile manufacturers also need to progress gradually and skipping a step like BS-V might put extra pressure on the manufacturers to produce compliant vehicles. In addition to emission standards for new vehicles, the BS VI regulation also includes specifications for reference and commercial fuels. Fuel types include diesel, gasoline, and hydrogen. A key aspect of the fuel specifications is a limit on the maximum allowable sulfur content in gasoline and diesel fuels of 10 ppm. Especially for diesel engines, low sulfur fuels are necessary for the application of advanced emission control technologies, such as DPFs, which will be required to meet BS VI emission standards.
Additional provisions are included in BS VI specifications for commercial fuels sold in North Eastern States, where a higher aromatic content is permitted for gasoline and a lower minimum cetane number is permitted for diesel fuel. In each case, these provisions expire April 1, 2023. Thereafter, fuel sold in this region will be required to meet nationwide BS VI specifications.
By: Abhishek Sharma ProfileResourcesReport error
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