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Affirmative action refers to the act of positive discrimination through the instrument of reservation in jobs, educational institutions for economically weaker sections of the society as well as depressed castes who have failed to partake in the developmental process of the nation.
Why is affirmative action is necessary.
Affirmative action is an instrument to undo the historical wrongs done for centuries to few sections of Indian society by giving them an opportunity to join the mainstream society. Affirmative action policies were framed to give effect to Mandal Commission recommendations in 1991. Article 16(4) of the India constitution has to be read along with article 335 which states that reservation should not affect 'efficiency of administration'.
Ethical issues involved in imlementing affirmative action policies:
Exception is gradually becoming the norm – As more communities come forward to seek benefits of reservation as a shortcut to avoid competition, reservation quota is bound to exceed 50% and put ‘General’ category population that constitutes more than 50% of populace at disadvantage. Supreme Court has pronounced that quota limit cannot exceed 50% under any circumstances.
Exclusion of legitimate beneficiaries – The benefactors of reservation who have attained a comfortable socio-economic status in society lobby for the continuation of reservation benefits for their succeeding generations as well thereby depriving their poor brethrens of their rights.
Marginalisation of meritocracy – When educated and well qualified people fail to get jobs, they feel under-confident, their self-esteem falls and are forced to take up low paying menial jobs while the poorly talented people reap the benefits of stable jobs.
Perpetuation of vote bank politics is affecting national integration – Political parties entice depressed classes with huge population base like Dalits to win elections and later ensure their under-development so as to use it as a means to win elections the next time. Thus, implementation of affirmative action policies is lacking due to poor political will.
Social stigma attached with reservation – The benefactors of reservation despite raising their socio-economic status fail to get due respect in society.
Perpetuates animosity between people belonging to reserved category and general category – thus giving rise to social tensions and violence.
By: Abhinav ProfileResourcesReport error
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