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Two weeks ago, the UN climate talks – COP22 – started in Marrakesh, gathering 200 countries to discuss the implementation of the Paris Agreement. If things go according to plan, the new climate treaty could come into effect much before the 2020 deadline set in Paris.
Marrakesh had another mandate: To ensure developed countries honour the commitments they had made before the Paris CoP. As the heads of delegations held hands in solidarity, they delivered a strong message to US President-elect Donald Trump: His country will be isolated if he executes his threat of pulling the US out of the Paris climate pact.
The conference saw a political call — Marrakech Action Proclamation , being given asking countries to combat climate change as a matter of “urgent priority” while noting that climate is warming at an “alarming and unprecedented” rate.
Highlights of the Summit:
Importance of Marrakech Action Plan The two-year mark is important, as 2018 will bring together the parties of the Paris Agreement once again for a “facilitative dialogue,“ in which countries will take stock of their progress on implementing the agreement‘s measures. COP 22, wedged between the agreement and its future evaluation, is an important enforcing mechanism in the collective aim of the parties to curb greenhouse gas emissions. Paris gave the world a number: 2 degrees, which is the maximum rise in temperature that the globe can experience this century, before climate change begins to unleash serious consequences. Bolstering COP22‘s urgency is the knowledge that, currently, the international community is not doing enough. Even if all the Paris pledges can be realised, the earth is still set to experience a temperature rise of 2.9C to 3.4C this century, according to a UN Environment Emissions Gap report. Switching to clean energy forms a big chunk of the solution to the problem. There is also promise in the private sector, which has become increasingly involved in gatherings such as COP 22. There was also a focus on public private partnerships.
India at COP 22
India said it participated “constructively” in the crucial climate change conference to ensure that actions are based on the principles of equity and climate justice. At the sidelines of CoP 22, India took the lead in cementing the International Solar Alliance.
India welcomed the proclamation, saying that most of its demands including the issue of providing finance to developing nations to tackle climate change has been incorporated and the country will continue to push its agenda as per the Paris agreement. India had pushed for inclusion of sustainable lifestyle with minimum carbon footprint and a clear cut mention of flow of funds in the draft of the political proclamation which was earlier made. In the energy narrative, India has two primary concerns – energy access and security; and moving away from high polluting, fossil fuel based sources of energy (which are most often cheaper). From India’s perspective, these concerns work against each other, which is why in global climate change negotiations, India has been very strong-voiced against having a cap on emissions from developing countries. Even though energy security has to take precedence over all else, no one can deny that we do have a big pollution problem.
Apprehensions:
At COP 22, where transparency is currently enjoying a big emphasis, the financing of the Paris Agreement and NDCs will be a key issue. A report cited lack of funds and resources as a major stumbling block in meeting the global goal on adaptation (GGA), a key component of the Paris Agreement. As per a United Nations report, the cost of adaptation in developing countries could range between USD 140 billion to USD 300 billion by 2030 and between USD 280 billion and USD 500 billion by 2050, depending on levels of mitigation ambition. Climate Change advocacy coordinator with CARE International Sven Harmeling said that the developed countries need to provide more support for priority actions of community adaptation in developing countries. There are trillions (of dollars) of investments made every year and a lot of that frankly is not made in the smartest way. We are building infrastructure in places where we know there is a high risk of it getting washed away. We are doing agriculture in ways that we know put it at risk to floods and drought. So if we can be smarter with the investments we are making, we can make a lot of progress on resilience without necessarily needing a lot of additional international finance.
Conclusion:
Increasing warming levels make it more crucial that we have a global goal on adaptation to ensure the world scales up its efforts and keeps people’s safety at the centre.
COP 22 must give space for developing countries to assert their needs, so that the parties can distinguish between how energy heavyweights such as China and the United States approach climate action, and how smaller countries can maintain the same goal while maximizing the efficiency of their resources.
The field of climate change is strewn with technical terminology and sometimes buzzwords such as “capacity building“ or “enhanced transparency framework“ mystify the outside observer. Yet in Marrakech, there’s an opportunity to get concrete. Marrakesh has great potential to draw in stronger involvement from the continent and make climate action a more inclusive project.
By: Chandan Sharma ProfileResourcesReport error
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