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Launched in 2000-2001, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is Government of India's flagship programme for achievement of Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) in a time bound manner, as mandated by 86th amendment to the Constitution of India making free and compulsory Education to the Children of 6-14 years age group, a Fundamental Right. SSA is being implemented in partnership with State Governments to cover the entire country and address the needs of 192 million children in 1.1 million habitations. The programme seeks to open new schools in those habitations which do not have schooling facilities and strengthen existing school infrastructure through provision of additional class rooms, toilets, drinking water, maintenance grant and school improvement grants. Existing schools with inadequate teacher strength are provided with additional teachers, while the capacity of existing teachers is being strengthened by extensive training, grants for developing teaching-learning materials and strengthening of the academic support structure at a cluster, block and district level. SSA seeks to provide quality elementary education including life skills. SSA has a special focus on girl's education and children with special needs. SSA also seeks to provide computer education to bridge the digital divide(Quoted from MHRD website). The SSA is being implemented through several sub-missions like ‘sub-mission on teacher training’, ‘sub-mission on social mobilisation’, sub-mission on capacity building’, the ‘Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat’ programme to improve learning outcomes etc. With the passage of the RTE Act, changes have been introduced in the SSA to keep it in line with the objectives of RTE. SSA is the main implementation instrument for RTE Act,2009.
Compliance on Infrastructure standards is as follows-
Recent initiatives under SSA to improve quality of education
Despite these achievements of the SSA, keeping students in school throughout their schooling career is a challenge as dictated by high dropout rates. Nationally 29% of students dropout before completing five years of primary schooling and 43% dropout before finishing upper primary school. The high school completion rate is only 42%. These figures sum up to reveal that India has 1.4 million out of school children in the age group of 6-11. There is vast shortage of teachers across all the levels. The primary schools need additional 689000 teachers to fulfill the RTE norms for Pupil teacher ratio. Even though under the Swacch Vidyalaya Mission (Sub mission under Swacch Bharat Mission) all schools now have a designated girls’ and boys’ toilet, a closer scrutiny reveals that only 53% of such girls’ toilets are functional. The provisions of SSA and the RTE have some under most severe criticism for poor quality of learning across all levels of schooling. As per Pratham’s ASER reports, close to 78% students in Class III and 50% students of class V cannot read a class II text. Only 25% of class III students are able to solve a two digit subtraction problem. Alarmingly, about 20% of class II students cannot recognize numbers up to 9. There is lack of accountability under SSA which manifests itself in poor learning outcomes and poor attendance rates of teachers.
By: Parveen bansal ProfileResourcesReport error
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