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The term Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC) is defined in the IHR (2005) as an extraordinary event (i) which constitute a public health risk to other States through the international spread of disease; and (ii)which potentially require a coordinated international response”. It implies a situation that is serious, unusual or unexpected; carries implications for public health beyond the affected State’s national border; and may require immediate international action. Any medical epidemic where outbreak is moving faster than we can control it can be declared as PHEIC. In addition to it, there are many other concerns when any PHEIC is declared. not only that it is widespread or kills many people; it must also be infectious.For instance, cancer is responsible for many deaths but is not considered a pandemic because the disease is not infectious or contagious. the affected countries don't have the resources to battle the disease alone, it is kind of an alarm call that will hopefully stimulate the richer countries to provide more money , personnel and research, mmediate travel restriction are needed. Main reason is to contain the spread of disease and to work on finding cure(e.g. vaccine) for disease using collective efforts and resources. WHO and PHEIC The responsibility of determining whether an event is within this category lies with the WHO Director-General and requires the convening of a committee of experts – the IHR Emergency Committee. This committee advises the Director General on the recommended measures to be promulgated on an emergency basis, known as temporary recommendations.
To manage PHEIC there is need to strengthen Global public health security defined as the “activities required to prevent and respond to threats that endanger the collective health of people across different regions and nations.” WHO plan and coordinate all activities to ensure global public health security. It promulgate health measures to be implemented by the nation experiencing the PHEIC, and also by other nations to prevent international spread of disease. Focus is put on acting, learning, adjusting, and growing, because we do not have all the answers and yet we must urgently launch concerted action. Key actions rest with national governments, WHO call on national leadership to implement these recommendations. Call is made to international agencies—especially WHO and the World Bank, but also UNDP and others—to exercise responsibly their vital roles in supporting coherent national action. Challenges in dealing with PHEIC In globalised and well integrated world of today, management of any PHEIC need comprehensive efforts from all state parties . Pros and cons of measures need to be studied so that it don’t adversely effect ongoing business. Challenges are manifold—
Public Health emergency may also have consequences in terms of economic or political stability, trade, tourism, access to goods and services and demographic stability.\
The only way to control the spread of infectious diseases was to separate the sick from the healthy population. It includes various measures like isolation and quarantine, social distancing, travel restrictions, health care settings etc.
It focus on finding treatments for diseases. It is only since the 19th and 20th centuries, that advances in scientific knowledge have made it possible to contain some outbreaks with improved sanitation and the discovery of vaccines. Microbes reproduce and adapt quickly. They can change the way they pass from one person to another and become resistant to drugs. Continuous research in “how disease spread” and “how it can be cured” is needed.
Public health threats especially infectious diseases cannot be stopped by politically defined boundaries, therefore public health emergency needs to be dealt collectively by all nations, it demand strengthening of national and global health security systems. All rich nations must come in solidarity with poor nations to build up the capacities required for middle-resource countries to prepare for and respond to public health threats and reduce the risk of these threats crossing borders.
By: Vishal ProfileResourcesReport error
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