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Indian economy is one of the fastest growing economies of the world. This growth is attributed to various Indian industries which have grown tremendously especially after independence and increased national income, created employment opportunities and generated foreign income. Presently industries are contributing approximately 27% to the GDP.
Industry refers to economic activity that is concerned with extraction of minerals, production of goods and related services. Type of industries depends upon the raw material used. It can be agro, mineral, forest or marine. They come under secondary activities where raw material is changed into finished or semi-finished goods. These products are of more value to people than the raw material.
There are many factors affecting the location of any industry. The availability of war material, adequate land, proper water facility, skilled or non-skilled labor, power supply, capital, market facility, transport and related infrastructure. India has several industrial regions like Mumbai Pune cluster, Bangalore Tamil Nadu region, Hooghly region, Ahmedabad Baroda region, Chottanagpur belt, Vishakhapatnam Guntur belt, Gurgaon Delhi Meerut cluster and Kollam Thiruvananthapuram industrial cluster. Alfred Weber in 1909 formulated a theory base on ‘Least Cost Principle’ for industrial location in which an industry should be located where the transportation cost of raw material and final product is minimal.
In India industries are concentrated basically in 4 major regions:
1. West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha 2. Gujarat Maharashtra region 3. Gangetic plains 4. Southern India
Iron and steel industry= Development of Iron and steel industry boosted the industrial development in India. Almost all the sectors of industries depend on the industry for their basic infrastructure. High concentration of coal fields, iron ore, manganese, bauxite; availability of cheap labor, abundant supply of water from Damodar and Hugli rivers, largest market and it also connects it to international markets through port facility.
Cement Industry= Cement is used widely in the construction of building infrastructure. India is 2nd largest cement producing country in the world. There is a huge domestic demand for cement though cement is exported to South & East Asia and Africa on a large scale. It is a large consumer of energy and the main source is coal. Most of the cement plants are located in Andhra Pradesh, Telengana and Tamil Nadu. Because of availability local raw material, enormous labor, power supply, developed rail and road networks, export facility through sea routes to international markets.
Automobile Industry= Cars, two wheelers, three wheelers, trucks, buses, tractors, heavy machinery and other multi utility vehicles are produced in Indian automobile plants. Huge capital, skilled labor, transport facilities with proper markets and power supply are prerequisites for the establishment of such industry. In addition to it, foreign investment also plays a huge role. Major automobile plants located in India are near to metro cities such as Mumbai, Pune, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur, Chennai, Kolkata, and Bangalore. Excellent transport network is essential for raw material inputs such as steel, plastic, rubber, glass, aluminum and to deliver final product in the market.
Textile Industry= Indian textile is one of the oldest industry in Indian economy and is one of the largest contributor to India’s export. It is concentrated along Mumbai Ahmedabad region due to extensive market facility, good transport and port facilities provided by Mumbai and kandla. The industry is set up in the region having ideal climate for weaving and spinning i.e. warm moist climate. Textile industry is a labor intensive and is one of the largest employers. Hydel power energy plants in Western Ghats are the easy source of energy to the industries in the region.
Jute Industry= India is largest producer of raw jute and jute goods. Bangladesh is the largest exporter of Jute followed by India. Most of the Jute industry in India is concentrated on both sides of Hooghly West Bengal due to local jute growing areas, well developed, rail and road network and cheap water transport, abundant water supply, availability of huge labor force, hot and humid climate; best for jute production. Importance of Jute industry is that it earns jumbo foreign exchange and provides substantial employment opportunities in agriculture and industrial sector.
Information Technology and Electronic Industry= India manufactures a wide range of electronic products such as TV, cell phones, radar, computer, etc. Bangalore is IT and electronic capital of India. Other centers are like Pune, Hyderabad, Gurgaon, Noida and Chennai. The development of this industry depends on the availability of educated section of people along with good transport facilities, proximity to other high tech firms and links with related educational universities/institutes, pleasant working environment, etc.
Consumer Goods Industry= Consumer goods are final products intended for the mass market, things that people buy, such as books, sugar, paper, food, furniture many more. These products are directly used by consumer. The location of the industry mostly depends upon the adjacency of the market. Both educated skilled labor and non-skilled labor are required to produce, to pack, to market and to sell the product. Appropriate power supply, adequate market channel, and raw agro inputs play huge role for the location of such industries.
Petroleum and natural gas Industry= The plant should be build closer to petroleum reserve for easier availability of raw material. Refineries are set up in Assam: Digboi, Gwahati; Gujarat: Koyali; Trombay, Mangalore, Kochi, Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Haldia in India. Good transport network is required to supply the finished product to interior areas. Thermal or Hydro power, skilled workers, new technologies are important factors determining the location of a plant.
By: Anubhav Puri ProfileResourcesReport error
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