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Indian agricultural sector employs more than 50% of India's population and contributes to only 14% of the GDP. This indicates the drastic inequality in terms of earning when compared to urban population who are mostly employed in either manufacturing or service sectors. Agriculture plays a vital role in Indian economy. Over 58% of rural households depend on agriculture as their primary means of livelihood. Along with fisheries and forestry Agriculture is one of the largest contributors to nation’s GDP. As per CSO (Central Statistics Office) agriculture sector contributed nearly 16% into the GDP. There are 2 major agricultural seasons in India; Kharif (April- Sept.), Rice is the main crop of this season and Rabi (October-March) Wheat is the main crop of this season. Total food production of India in FY14 was 251 M tonnes. In addition to it, India stands first in the world in the production of pulses, mangos and milk. It stands second in the production of rice, sugarcane, jute and oil seeds. The use of high yield variety seeds, fertilizers, irrigation facilities and other modern agricultural machinery (Tractor, Thrasher, sprayer, combine, etc.) It is known that India is an agricultural economy and it has capacity to produce at least 3 crops in a year. It provides employment and determines the standard of life for more than 50% of the population. On the other hand, the agricultural sector of India faces many problems.
Major Problems in Indian agriculture sector:-
Use of techniques such as crop rotation and mixed cropping will also be helpful. Putting baron and wasteland under plough will also increase the area under cultivation. Currently due to unplanned urban planning more cultivable land is used for construction of building houses, factories, roads, etc.
Post-harvest problems Even after getting the produce farmers have to face the issues such as inadequate storage facilities, absence of agriculture markets especially in rural India. Many of the agricultural products need to be sold or stored before they overripe of get destroyed. Inadequate transport is one of the main handicaps with the post harvest issues. The lack of rural agriculture product market and unorganized linking of villages leads to wastage of the produce. Proper management would benefit the farmers economically and will feed the one in need.
Actions taken by the government The government has taken steps to improve the soil fertility on sustainable basis through the soil health cards scheme. A new scheme named ‘Parampragat Krishi Vikas Yojana’ has been started to increase and improve organic farming in the country. Other schemes such as ‘Pradhanmantri Gram Sinchai Yojana’ are implemented to improve irrigation cover and to enhance the water efficiency through ‘Per Drop’. In addition to it the continuous support to MGNREGA helps seasonally unemployed community especially agri related labor. The government is trying to help farmers in many ways with the help of agencies like Food Corporation of India, soil health card scheme, Pardhanmantri Krishi Sinchai yojana and APMC to purchase farm produce directly from farmers by linking agriculture mandis at common platform under National Agriculture Market Scheme (NAM). It helps to eliminate the role of middleman and gives better income to farmer directly. Government announced schemes in organized retail of agriculture products and acting as a helping hand with startups working for the development of agriculture of India and to solve the related problems.
Conclusion Still there is a lot to improve in agriculture sector. Efforts are being made to encourage farmers to adopt advanced agriculture techniques such as means of irrigation, availability of chemical fertilizers, HYV seeds to increase yield of produce, etc. Moreover the use of genetically modified crops will also improve the yield for Indian farmers. The need is to educate the farmer regarding the use of proper quantity of manure, fertilizer and good quality seeds to get desired output of the produce. Optimal utilization of water along with above mentioned elements is essential. Government initiatives with the help of agriculture colleges and universities in association with gram panchayats are crucial for the implementation of the policies. Government should provide adequate and timely loan to the farmers to buy farm machinery and other agricultural machinery. By focusing on other factors such as reduced transaction cost and time along with proper market and financial facilities would also contribute to the growth of the sector. Therefore in the end, it is well expected Indian agriculture will generate better momentum in coming years due to increased investment in agricultural infrastructure. It includes investment in irrigation facilities, warehouse and cold storages, agricultural markets, etc.
By: Deepak Thakur ProfileResourcesReport error
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