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Preparation of Landfill site
The disposal of solid waste on land without first preparing the landfill site leads to leaching of toxic liquids in the ground below which eventually reaches the underground aquifers. Once the toxic waste enters the underground aquifers, it contaminates the water which when extracted from nearby wells and tube wells causes water borne diseases.
Secondly, solid waste that lies uncovered in landfill sites gradually decomposes and emits a foul odour containing dioxins and other harmful chemicals when burnt. This causes respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and asthama thus affecting the health of the people living nearby. The animals such as pig, cows, vultures that feed on the landfill sites act as carriers of disease. The radioactive waste from electronic equipment at such landfill sites may alter genetic material of living beings in vicinity thereby giving birth to new forms of diseases.
E-waste
Electronic items like computers, televisions and mobile phones are most dangerous because they have high levels of lead, mercury and cadmium and they have short life spans and thus discarded more often. E-waste accounts for approximately 40 percent of the lead and 70 percent of heavy metals found in landfills. These pollutants lead to ground water and air pollution and soil acidification. Metals like gold, platinum, copper and lead use caustic soda and concentrated acids. High and prolonged exposure to these chemicals/ pollutants emitted during unsafe e-waste recycling leads to damage of nervous systems, blood systems, kidneys and brain development, respiratory disorders, skin disorders, bronchitis, lung cancer, heart, liver, and spleen damage.
Waste segregation
In order to prevent the spread of diseases and pollution of the environment, government's policy initiative require the segregation of degradable and non-biodegradable waste at the source of origin, use of techniques such as incineration and pyrolysis to get rid of non-degradable waste and vermin-composting for degradable waste, use of tall chimneys at incineration plants, location of incineration plants far away from inhabitations.
Studies have revealed
As per ASSOCHAM, the country will generate 130 million tonnes of e-waste by 2018 from the current 93.5 million tonnes in 2016. And by 2020, India is expected to generate 52 lakh million tonnes of e-waste. Computer equipment accounts for almost 70% of e-waste generated followed by disposed telecommunication items—12% and electrical equipment—8%. Medical systems that are trashed constitute only seven percent of the e-waste collection at present and household e-crap account for four percent.
Waste handling by unorganized sector
Absence of a legal framework leads to the irreparable damage of environment and health of people working in the waste management industry. Majority of e-waste generated in India is managed by the unorganized sector and scrap dealers. These are dismantled and nothing is recycled.
Child Labourers
What is worse is that there is a significant population of children handling e-waste. In India, about 4-5 lakhs child labourers between the age group of 10-15 are observed to be engaged in various e-waste (electronic waste) activities, without adequate protection and safeguards in various yards and recycling workshops. Despite the Indian government’s stringent laws to regulate e-waste trade, destitute children still face hazards picking apart old computers, TV etc. Therefore, there is an urgent need to bring out effective legislation to prevent entry of child labour into its collection, segregation and distribution.
The government is also mulling upon setting the liability to collect discarded electronic waste on the manufacturer. The government is also advertising the slogan reduce, reuse and recycle to urge people to adopt sustainable lifestyles and thus act as stakeholders in the sustainable development initiative.
By: Deepak Thakur ProfileResourcesReport error
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