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Even after three decades of sustained economic growth and a proliferation of welfare schemes, roughly one in three Indians still live below the poverty line, according to the last report on poverty estimates submitted by the Rangarajan committee in 2014. The survey has advocated the concept of a “Universal Basic Income” as an alternative to the various social welfare schemes. Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a radical and compelling paradigm shift in thinking related to social justice and Productive economy. Basic components of UBI are: 1. Universality 2. Unconditionality 3. Agency Dimensions of UBI a) Social Justice : UBI is a test of a just and non-exploitative society. Nearly every theory of justice has argued that a society that fails to guarantee a decent minimum income to all citizens will fail the test of justice. It promotes many of the basic values of a society which respects all individuals as free and equal. It promotes liberty because it is anti-paternalistic, opens up the possibility of flexibility in labour markets. It promotes equality by reducing poverty. It promotes efficiency by reducing waste in government transfers. b) Poverty Reduction : It can prove to be the fastest way of reducing poverty. UBI is more feasible in a country like India, where it can be pegged at relatively low levels of income but still yield immense welfare gains. c) Agency : The poor in India have been treated as objects of government policy. Our current welfare system, even when well intentioned, is based upon the assumption that they cannot take economic decisions relevant to their lives. An unconditional cash transfer treats them as agents, not subjects. UBI liberates citizens from paternalistic and clientelistic relationships with the state. By taking the individual and not the household as the unit of beneficiary, UBI can also enhance agency, especially of women within households. d) Employment : UBI is an acknowledgement that society’s obligation to guarantee a minimum living standard is even more urgent in an era of uncertain employment generation. In India suffers from the weakness of existing welfare schemes which are riddled with misallocation, leakages and exclusion of the poor. e) Administrative Efficiency : In India in particular, the case for UBI has been enhanced because of the weakness of existing welfare schemes which are riddled with misallocation, leakages and exclusion of the poor. When the trinity of JAM is fully adopted the time would be ripe for a mode of delivery that is administratively more efficient. JAM : An abbreviation for Jan Dhan Yojana, Aadhaar and Mobile number. The government is pinning its hopes on these three modes of identification to deliver direct benefits to India’s poor. Until now, the government has operated a multitude of subsidy schemes to ensure a minimum standard of living for the poor. These take complex routes to deliver affordable products or services to them. For instance MGNREGA, operated through the panchayats, which pays minimum wages to rural workers; The Centre and States supply rice, wheat, pulses, cooking oil, sugar and kerosene at heavily subsidized prices through the PDS. sectors such as power, fertilisers and oil sell their products to people below market prices. Such subsidies cost the exchequer quite a bit. Government envisaged that the JAM trinity can help reduce the costs and weed out leakages. With Aadhaar helping in direct biometric identification of disadvantaged citizens and Jan Dhan bank accounts and mobile phones allowing direct transfers of funds into their accounts, it may be possible to cut out all the intermediaries.
By: Vishal ProfileResourcesReport error
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