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The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has decided to jump from BS-IV to BS-VI emission norms directly. The Indian government will skip BS-V emission norms altogether and the new norms will be in place by April 1, 2020.
The Auto Fuel Policy 2003 had recommended implementation of BS-VI norms by 2024. Earlier in the draft notification issued by the Union Ministry of Road Transport and Highways had advanced dates for implementation of BS-V norms to 2019 and BS-VI norms to 2021.
Presently BS-IV auto fuels are being supplied in whole of northern India covering states like Punjab, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Delhi, parts of Rajasthan and western Uttar Pradesh. While rest of the country is being supplied has BS-III grade fuel. The deadline implementation for BS-IV auto fuels is 2017 across the country
What are BS norms?
Bharat Stage emission standards, introduced in 2000, are emission standards that have been set up by the Central government to regulate the output of air pollutants from internal combustion engine equipment, including motor vehicles.
The different norms are brought into force in accordance with the timeline and standards set up by the Central Pollution Control Board which comes under the Ministry of Environment and Forests and Climate Change.
What are BS VI norms:
The move from BS-IV or Euro 4 to BS VI will require significant investment in technologies like Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). DPF, which comes under BS-V norms will now incorporated in BS-VI vehicles. In stage VI, selective catalytic reduction technology has to be optimized .
DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter)
The diesel particulate filter (DPF) for removing particulate matter is a cylindrical object that has to be mounted inside the engine compartment.
In India, where small cars are preferred, fitting DPF into the limited bonnet space would involve major redesign. The bonnet length may have to be increased, which would make vehicles breach the prevalent excise bracket for sub-4 metre cars.
The DPF would further have to be optimised for Indian operating conditions
In Indian conditions, low driving speed means it is difficult to achieve temperatures of 600°C required to burn the soot in DPF. Usually diesel is injected to increase temperatures but excess fuel can cause a fire.
The injection rate has to be optimised, vehicles re- engineered keeping in mind safety.
SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction)
The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) module is used to reduce oxides of nitrogen. When the exhaust is moving, an aqueous urea solution (AUS 32) is injected into the system.
AUS 32 contains ammonia, which reacts with and reduces the nitrogen. This means a container needs to be put on board the car for deploying the AUS 32.
Separately, infrastructure also needs to be set up across the country for supply of AUS 32. The optimisation and fitment of this technology would again take three to four years.
The proposed shift is expected to significantly curb emissions of particulate matter (PM) and oxides of nitrogen emitted by petrol cars, diesel cars and heavy duty vehicles. Moving from BS-III to BS-VI will reduce NOX by 84% and PM 2.5 by 90%
There are two major industries which now face problems: first is the oil refineries that will need a substantial investment to upgrade. These upgrades will allow the refineries to supply fuel types that can match the BS-V and BS-VI standards
Second, the automobile manufacturers also need to progress gradually and skipping a step like BS-V might put extra pressure on the manufacturers to produce compliant vehicles.
Huge investments are required to achieve these norms. This costs will have to be passed on to the customer and such a move could meet with some serious resistance in a price-sensitive market like India.
If both DPF and SCR are fitted together for testing, it will be extremely difficult to detect which of the technologies is at fault in case of any errors.
The government has been unable to move completely to BS-IV because refiners have been unable to produce the superior fuel in the required quantities. BS-IV petrol and diesel essentially contains less sulphur, a major air pollutant. Sulphur also lowers the efficiency of catalytic converters, which control emissions.
By: Vishal ProfileResourcesReport error
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