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On a global scale, social security finds mention in the UN Declaration on Human Rights, the 1952 convention of International Labour Convention, The Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals. As per an ILO report, only 27% of world's population has access to comprehensive Social Security and the figures are even lesser for India. While most of the developed countries have a robust social security mechanism (for example, Finland is regarded to have the most advanced and comprehensive social security system in the world) there are a few challenges associated with social security initiatives that are common to all the developing and under-developed countries including India. These are -
Some of the characteristics of social security systems around the world
What can India learn from all this?
India at 70 years after independence is a nation of young population (with potential for demographic dividend) and a fast growing economy, largely been unaffected by global slowdown. Perhaps, this is the most appropriate time that the existing social security system in India is strengthened. At this time the contributors to social security mechanisms are large while, dependants are less. To start with, one of the strengths of social security measures in India is that the Constitution of India through Article 41 and 42, part IV discusses the security of right to work, education and assistance in case of unemployment, old age, sickness and disability. This is a robust legal framework to expand the social security measures. In many senses, India can be considered an early starter for social security and as early as in 1923 the Workmen’s Compensation Act was enacted in India. The new schemes, with additional target populations, have been added to the list ever since and the overall scenario could appear impressive on paper. However, the challenges in India (and Indian states) are similar to, as in any other parts of the world:
In this context, India can take following steps to increase breadth and depth of social security measures in India-
It would be wrong to see social security as an expense on the part of public exchequer. Instead it is an investment that would contribute to rapid and sustained economic growth, poverty reduction and achievement of relevant sustainable development goals.
Reference article - Social Security: Global Scenario by Chandrakant Lahariya, Yojana July 2017
By: Deepak Hooda ProfileResourcesReport error
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