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Environment Ministry has come up with new draft wetland conservation rules. With this, the government is all set to change the rules on wetlands.
Focus Areas in draft
• The new draft replaces the Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules of 2010. • It seeks to give power to the States to decide what they must do with their wetlands in terms of protection and other activities • Restricts activities like reclamation of wetlands, and conversion for non-wetland uses. • The power to identify and notify wetlands would be vested in the Chief Minister, who as chief executive of the state government as well as of the state wetland authority, will propose and notify wetlands after accepting or rejecting recommendations. • Does away with the Central Wetlands Regulatory Authority, which had suo moto cognisance of wetlands and their protection. • The draft rules contain no ecological criteria for recognising wetlands, such as biodiversity, reefs, mangroves, and wetland complexes. • The draft has deleted sections on the protection of wetlands, and interpretation of harmful activities which require regulation, which found reference in the 2010 rules. It has also removed the list of prohibited activities which was in the previous one and has completely shifted the entire burden of wetlands protections from the Centre to the respective states. • Provides a detailed list of prohibited activities in the Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules 2010 • The rules have no mention of how communities or people can ensure conservation of wetlands. They have no provisions for carrying out environment impact assessment (EIA) for projects on wetlands either. According to 2010 Rules, wetlands were to be notified within a year of the Rules coming into force, and there were deadlines for each process along the way. However, the new draft does away with the time-bound process for notification. There are also no provisions for wetland complexes in the new rules. • While the new draft calls for sustainability, this is a difficult concept to enforce, particularly with regard to water. Regulation of activities in the draft rules do not make any obvious connection with existing groundwater legislations because these two aspects are still seen as separate. • Calls for wise use of wetlands. ‘Wise use’ is a concept used by the Ramsar Convention, and is open to interpretation. It could mean optimum use of resources for human purpose or not using a wetland so that we eventually strengthen future water security or just leaving the wetland and its catchment area as is for flood control, carbon sequestration, and water recharge functions.
What are wetlands
• Wetlands are ecosystems located at the interface of land and water and wherein water plays a dominant role in controlling plant and animal life and associated ecosystem processes.
Ramsar convention
• The convention provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources • India is one of the 169 signatories to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971. • There are 2,241 Ramsar sites across the world, including 26 spread across India
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