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The Young Bengal movement was launched in Calcutta by a group of radical Bengali free thinkers, called Derozians, emerging from Hindu College. They were known as Derozians after Henry Louis Vivian Derozio. Henry Louis Vivian Derozio was a poet and teacher of Hindu College, Calcutta, a radical thinker and one of the first Indian educators to disseminate Western learning and science among the young men of Bengal. He was Anglo-Indian (born to an Indian father and an English mother). In 1826, at the age of 17, Derozio was appointed teacher in English literature and history at the Hindu College. It is based on the spirit of free thought and revolt against the existing social and religious structure of Hindu society. Henry constantly encouraged students to think freely, to question and not to accept anything blindly. His teachings inspired the development of the spirit of liberty, equality and freedom. His activities brought about intellectual revolution in Bengal. In the spirit of English rationalism and French Revolution, Derozio criticized the social practices and religious beliefs of orthodox Hinduism. The ideology ridiculed old traditions, defied the social and religious rites, demanded education for women, and to flaunt their independence indulged in wine-drinking and beef-eating. Accused of irreverence by his students’ orthodox Hindu parents, he was forced to resign by the directors of Hindu College in 1831 due to his radical teachings. Derozio died of cholera soon after at the young age of 22 in 1831. Long after Derozio’s death, his influence lived on among his former students, who came to be known as Young Bengal and many of whom became prominent in social reform, law, and journalism.
Derozio and the Young Bengal group set many establishments and published journals which played a role in the Bengal Renaissance. Two of them are:
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