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Genome editing is a way of making specific changes to the DNA of a cell or organism.In the process, an enzyme cuts the DNA at a specific sequence, and when this is repaired by the cell, a change or ‘edit’ is made to the sequence. These edits are made to ensure that intended characteristics can be brought about in the genome. Genome editing represents the next step of evolution in our ability to analyze and edit the genetics of plants, animal and humans. The advances in genome editing can be traced back to quiet beginnings in the 1990s, but the current remarkable surge is largely because of the introduction of the CRISPR-CAS9, a genome-editing tool that can used to make changes in sections of the DNA sequence, in 2012.
1.Eradicating diseases:Genome editing has been used to modify human blood cells that are then put back into the body to treat conditions including leukemia and AIDS. 2.Productivity improvement in crops:Genome editing has been used in agriculture to genetically modify crops to improve their yields and resistance to disease and drought. 3.Productivity improvement in livestock:Genome editing in India is emerging as a useful tool to increase the produce from the livestock both in terms of quantity and quality. One example is the genetic dehorning of dairy cattle. 4.Bioremediation:A variety of plants and natural and transgenic microorganisms in soil (bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and algae) are highly effective in cleaning up pollutants by removing them. Precise gene editing can help in increasing the over expressionof such traits in organisms to make bioremediation more impactful. 5.Gene therapy:It replaces the defective gene with a normal allele at its natural location.Gene editing is used to generate modified custom immune cells.
1.Safety issue:Safety is a key question because gene editing isn’t always precise enough; there’s the possibility of accidentally cutting DNA that’s similar to the real target. 2.Ethical controversy:Altering genes in sperm, eggs or embryos can spread those changes to future generations.It’s ethically charged because there’s concern about babies designed with enhanced traits rather than to prevent disease. 3.Issue of legality:Britain allows basic lab research only. In the US, scientists can perform laboratory embryo research only with private.In China, Japan, Ireland and India, only unenforceable guidelines restrict genome editing inhuman embryos. 4.Weapon of mass destruction:United States Director of National Intelligence named genome editing as a potential weapon of mass destruction. It could be used to make "killer mosquitoes" that cause plagues that wipe out staple crops.
NITI Aayog has been tasked by the Prime Minister’s Office to develop a forward-looking biotechnology regulatory policy and we can hope for a wider role for genome editing to positively transform the Indian landscape as far as biotechnological advances are concerned.
By: Harman Sandhu ProfileResourcesReport error
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