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The reduction of Child mortality in India to 34 per 1000 children under-5 in 2016 signifies a tremendous success, but the challenges for India are still far from over. Parents and Children need to be given proper access to health, education, nutrition, sanitation and other basic necessities to help them contribute effectively to the economy.Malnutrition is manifested in 3 forms - being underweight, stunted or wasted.
The factors which leads to malnutrition are:
1.Mother’s health : Indian mother at the end of their pregnancy weighs lower than even sub Saharan region’s women in the beginning of their pregnancy. It's also a reason for underweight and stunted children. 2.Lower status of women : The status of women in the family determines her decision making ability regarding nutrition of her child. Given lower status in India, mothers are not able to utilise finances as desired. 3.Illiteracy : Unawareness about nutritional requirements of a child also is one of the major reasons for malnutrition. 4.Poverty : Lower purchasing power compounded by the lack of availability of government support in the area adds to the problem. 5.Low Sanitation facilities : Open defecation is still prevalent in India, which leads to greater susceptibility of children towards diseases and under-nutrition.
This requires active intervention so as to prevent loss in welfare for individuals and of economy. The impact on individuals’ welfare and the challenges it poses for the economy are:
1.Lower productivity : Malnutrition may lead to permanent stunting and wasting or predisposing them towards certain nutrition-deficiency related diseases, thus lowering their productivity and chance at better future. 2.Cognitive impairment : Under-nutrition also leads to under development of cognitive abilities, thus, hampering their chance at good education which is major driver of social mobility as well. 3.Increase in economic burden : The unproductive population has to be supported by the productive ones and through government interventions, thus posing additional burden on exchequer. It will also lead to diversion of funds from other social sector programs. 4.Deepening of poverty : The extra burden of a child with lower productivity reduces the probability of them being coming out of the poverty. Rather families just above poverty line may also be forced below it due to malnutrition.They are just one illness away (which they are most susceptible to) from plunging back into poverty or deeper into it as the case may be. 5.Increase in inequality : Malnutrition gives edge to the children from good families having sufficient nutrition in studies and overall work, which increases the probability of undernourished to remain poor and never been able to reach up to their actual potential.
Malnutrition makes a large section of society susceptible to diseases and drags them out from contributing in the national progress. The need is to effectively tackle the issue by strengthening government programmes and involve civil society and NGOs to help the cause.Thus child malnutrition should be adequately handled as it also is one of the major contributers to child mortality rate in India.
By: Harman Sandhu ProfileResourcesReport error
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