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India is a unique nation for having a huge diversity in terms of culture, linguistic and ethnic variations such that it is nation among many nations within it. It is but natural that the regions having distinct culture, ethnicity, would assert at times for a separate state for preserving their own identity. When the Constitution of India was on the anvil, the demand for the reorganization of the states especially on linguistic basis was already in the air. The constitution makers thought it advisable to devise a machinery to complete the task of reorganization smoothly and without much difficulty as and when it was taken in hand in future. Carried away by this logic, the Constitution makers devised a very flexible mechanism for the reorganization of states. Hence, under article 3, a plenary and exclusive power for the reorganization of an existing state has been given to the Parliament. This provision thus enables the Parliament to effect by law reorganization inter se of the territories of the states constituting the Indian union. Going by the above provision, it appears that Indian federation is a unique federation in its own right that in spite of federalism, the makers have ensured the paramountcy of national interest. This is in contrast to classical federal states like the USA or Australia where the consent of the concerned state legislature is necessary before a state can be reorganized. In Australia in addition to the consent of the concerned state legislature, the consent of the electors in the affected state has also been stipulated by the Constitution. In India on the other hand, what is needed from the state in this matter, is a mere reference of the proposals to the concerned state legislature for expression of its views and subject to this stipulation, the matter of state reorganization rests solely with the Parliament.
Certainly not, because in actual practice, it is one thing to have a formal or legal power and indeed quite another thing to exercise it. Keeping the political realties in view, the Parliament is not free to act at its sweet will without some sort of public acceptance of the proposed measure of reorganization.
In principle there seems to be nothing wrong in having a few more states than the present number of 29 and as stated above, the Union Government has plenary power in this regard. It is also argued that if the USA with a population of around 30 crores can have 50 states, why not in India having a population of around 1.25 billion encompassing almost four Americas within it. Moreover, it is also a well known fact that a big state of the size and population of say UP, is not only administratively unwieldy and cumbersome but is also unmanageable, seriously affecting the reach of civic services to the people and hence good governance.
Comparatively speaking then, a smaller state has a sheer advantage of being administered more efficiently.
Having said that, India can very well afford to have a few more states considering its humongous size and population, what however, is more necessary is that the new states ought not to be carved out on an adhoc basis in a piecemeal manner keeping only political expediency in view. Moreover, the economic viability of the region being carved out as a state must also be kept in view (as in the case of Gorkhaland) and above all, as reiterated by the apex Court, the new state should have all the infrastructure of democratic institutions.
The most democratic way to deal with any such demand is the appointment of an independent commission to study thoroughly the question of formation of a new state deeply yet pervasively from all its aspects. The commission must keep in view among several factors, but more importantly, administrative convenience, geographic and cultural plus linguistic homogeneity yet above all, economic viability…..
By: Pritam Sharma ProfileResourcesReport error
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