send mail to support@abhimanu.com mentioning your email id and mobileno registered with us! if details not recieved
Resend Opt after 60 Sec.
By Loging in you agree to Terms of Services and Privacy Policy
Please specify
Please verify your mobile number
Login not allowed, Please logout from existing browser
Please update your name
Subscribe to Notifications
Stay updated with the latest Current affairs and other important updates regarding video Lectures, Test Schedules, live sessions etc..
Your Free user account at abhipedia has been created.
Remember, success is a journey, not a destination. Stay motivated and keep moving forward!
Refer & Earn
Enquire Now
My Abhipedia Earning
Kindly Login to view your earning
Support
Introduction:-
Urbanisation in Jharkhand started way back in the 17th Century. Many chiefs who had their own capital of the state ruled the whole region and these centres were distinct from the rural landscape. Because of its rugged topography and dense forest the state got its name Jharkhand.
During the period of King Ashoka (273 B.C.E to 232 B.C.E), this area was called ‘Atavi’ which means forest state. In the time of Mughal’s (1526 C.E to 1857 C.E),it was known as ‘Kokrah’. With the onset of the British regime (1857 C.E to 1947 C.E) the construction of the railways and road networks had resulted in the emergence of the new urban centres. The British also stimulated the growth of the pre-existing administrative centres. The urban centres that grew during the British period
In case of Jharkhand the magnitude of urban growth in the last century particularly after 1950's has fostered considerable interest in the process and forms of growth. Not only the urban population recorded a continuous increase in this period but marked redistribution of urban centres has also occurred due to industrialisation and emergence of new administrative and commercial centres in the different parts of the state.
This is the reason why urban population of the study area has increased by more than seven times during the last five decades. Despite this, at present Jharkhand is one of the least urbanised states of the country with 23.78 percent of population living in urban centres. However this figure is less than that of many states, as well as for India i.e. 27.73 percent.
Differences in the level of urbanisation and urban growth are also seen in various districts and territories of Jharkhand. The geographical factors and different levels of economic development have influenced urbanisation in Jharkhand.
Population Growth and the Process of Urbanisation: -
District Level Urban Population Growth:-
Urban population growth in the various districts of Jharkhand exhibit unequal concentration of population in different regions. Those regions, which are geographically favorable, industrially and commercially developed, have been attracting migrants from the countryside in search of employment which further accelerated the process of urbanisation.
Urban growth rates had slightly increased during the last ( 1991-0 I) decade but it was only 32.32 percent in Jharkhand. Again lower growth was discernable in the most of the highly urbanised and industrialised districts. For example the districts of Purbi Singhbhum (16.46 percent), Dhanbad (27.07 percent), and Hazaribagh (28.25 percent) had lowest urban growth in 2001. On the other hand urban growth was higher in the least urbanised districts like Godda (54.68 percent), Lohardaga (45.58 percent), Palamu (36.23 percent) and Paschimi Singhbhum (71.1 0 percent). It seems that the towns of the districts were highly urbanised getting saturated and in the absence of further growth of industries, commerce and other economic activities they are attracting less migrants.
The rapid expansion of transportation facilities has also made it more convenient for people to move towards other places of the state and country. So it can be said that urban population of Jharkhand increased rapidly during 1951-1971 and to some extent to 1971-1981 due to the establishment and growth of several industrial complexes, like Jamshedpur, Ranchi, Dhanbad, Bokaro, Sindri, Gomia, Patratu and others. But in the late eighties and particularly in nineties there had been no further investments for industrial development. In the absence of additional industrial employment generation, opportunity of rural to urban migration had considerably slowed down and this has affected urban growth in recent years.
Growth of Slum Population at District Level :-
he urban centres in Jharkhand like Ranchi, Bokaro, and Jamshedpur have become the attracting points for the employment seekers. However,the planned urbanisation has been marred to an extent by the excessive demand for basic amenities resulting in deterioration of the physical environment.
Slums have become an integral part of the phenomenon of urbanisation, which are the result of failure of overall socio-economic policies and programmes of the states and the country. The quality of life has thus suffered due to continuous influx of migrants and increasing gap between demand and supply of essential services and other infrastructures in the urban areas.
The total slum population in Jharkhand grew at the rate of 23%, which is low in respect of the urban population growth of 32% in 2011. In Jharkhand, there is a decrease in the average household size in the slum areas because of increase in the household and the decrease of slum population.
The average household size of the slums in Jharkhand in 2001 was 5.5,while it declined to 5.1 in 2011.In the 2001 Census ;only 11 urban centres of 22 districts had registered slum population,while in 2011 there are 31 urban centres of 24 districts where slums are found.
The population living in theslum areas of Jharkhand in 2001 was 5% of the urban population of Jharkhand; in 2011,it had decreased to 4.7% of the total urban population of Jharkhand. Despite the increase in the number of slums-reporting urban centres from 2001 to 2011, there is decrease in the slum population,which is a good sign of development of urban basic services.
here is direct relationship between the rate of urbanisation and the growth of slum population. In the state, the high slum population growth rate is found in the districts where high rate of urbanisation persists like in Deoghar, Chatra, Giridih, and Lohardaga. Total number of slum population had increased in 2011,but its share in total urban population had decreased because urban population growth rate is higher than the slum population growth rate in the state. In the state, with the increase in the number of urban centres, there is increase in slum reporting urban centres
By: Shashank Shekhar ProfileResourcesReport error
Access to prime resources