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Agro-climatically Punjab can be divided into three parts:
North-eastern region of Punjab is hilly. It covers a narrow belt of 6 to 10 kilometers broad at the foot of Shivalik hills. Three snow-fed rivers, namely, Sutlej, Beas and Ravi originate from here. Northern parts of Hoshiarpur, Gurdaspur and Roopnagar (Ropar) districts are included in this region. Hilly parts begin from this region and merge into Himachal Pradesh. It is surrounded on the north of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh and on the south by the river Ravi. Mountains of this region are very low. They are the part of Shivalik ranges. The width of this hilly region varies from 100 to 200 miles. The region is criss-crossed by rivers, streams and chaos causing soil erosion.
All the three rivers of Punjab flow through this region. Soil is rocky in this region. Compared to plains, the region has more rain. Being hilly region, it is less hot in summer and more cold in winter. Rice, maize, potatoes and ground-nuts are produced in this region. Production of wheat crop is relatively less. Agricultural productivity is low. The region is covered with forests. Alongwith the full length of this hilly region, there is a belt called Kcmdi area. It has a rocky soil. The region is neither wholly mountains nor suffers from shortage of drinking water. The area is covered with thorny bushes and dry forests.
Large tract of Punjab constitutes Plain area. It is situated in the south of mountainous area. The plains are formed by the soil brought by the rivers. As such the soil is very fertile. It is a granary of foodgrains. It is 200 metres above the sea level. The districts included in the plains are Amritsar, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Patiala, Sangrur (excluding Barnala tehsil) and Batala tehsil etc. The plains of Punjab are divided into three parts:
(i) Plains of Majah:- The plains between Ravi and Beas rivers called plains of Majah. It consists of district Amritsar and Batala tehsil of district Gurdaspur.
(ii) Plains of Doaba:- The plains between Beas and Sutlej rivers constitute Doaba Plains. The area included Jalandhar, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur districts.
(iii) Plains of Malwa:- It covers the area of the south and south-west of river Sutlej. It included the districts of Ludhiana, Sangrur and Patiala.
Plains of Punjab are very fertile. More than 80 percent of the plains have irrigation facilities. Agriculture of the state is ven well developed. Two or more than two crops are sown annually. Per hectare production is also high. That is why Punjab is called the granary of foodgrains. Main crops of the plains are wheat, rice, sugarcane, pulses, maize, oilseeds and cotton. Main industrial and commercial centres of Punjab are also located in this area. The area abounds in the network of railway lines and roads, Climate of the area is dry. It is cool in winter and hot in summer.
South Western region of Punjab is sandy and dry. This part is continuous to Haryana and Rajasthan. It includes, Bhatinda, Mukatsar of Faridkot district, some parts of Faridkot tehsil, Abohar tehsil of Ferozpur and Barnala tehsil of Sangrur district. The climate of the region is dry and soil is sandy. Rainfall is scanty. Some facilities or irrigation do exist. Consequently, area under cultivation has been expanding. The main crop of the region are; wheat, cotton, gram and pulses.
As a result of better transport facilities and metalled roads, the economic development of the region is under progress. The region is covered with thorny bushes and Kikar trees. Western part of the region is called Ather
By: Parveen bansal ProfileResourcesReport error
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