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India is presently in a state of health transition. Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, dengue, H1N1 pandemic influenza and antimicrobial resistance remain a continued threat to health and economic security. At the same time, the country is having to confront the emerging problem of chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer which are now the leading cause of mortality. This epidemiological transition is being fueled by social and economic determinants of health, as well as by demographic changes such as an ageing population, by environmental factors such as climate change, and by factors such as globalization, urbanization and changing lifestyles.
The launch of Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY)-Ayushman Bharat- has given a major fillip to Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision for inclusive development, Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas. For one, it will not discriminate against people on the basis of religion, caste and creed. Secondly, it comes as a huge blessing for 10.74 crore impoverished Indians who cannot afford to undergo treatment in hospitals, given the exorbitant healthcare costs. If implemented effectively, this can be the mother of all welfare schemes in India, if not the world, because it covers 1,300 ailments, including heart diseases, kidney ailments and diabetes.
Objectives: The Ayushman Bharat programme is apparently driven by two main aims: 1) to strengthen primary health care which has been lacking in the country and 2) to offer finacial protection from catastrophic expenditure, often encountered once a family member is sick and needs long-term health care.
Need: According to a study published in the British Medical Journal, in 2011-12, out of pocket expenditure for medicines pushed about 3.8 crore persons into poverty, of the 5.5 crore that were impoverished due to total health costs, including lab tests, diagnostics, doctor and surgeon fees. It is in this context that PMJAY assumes significance. According to the Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) 2011 data, 8.03 crore families in rural and 2.33 crore in urban areas will be entitled to be covered under this scheme, which means around 50 crore people will be entitled to the benefits. A lifeline for such a huge number of people is virtually unheard of and each family gets a benefit cover of Rs 5 lakh for secondary and tertiary care treatment involving hospitalisation.
Highlights:
Challenges:
If Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana is backed by funds and intent, the state-sponsored insurance scheme has the potential to reform healthcare in India.
By: Dr. Vivek Rana ProfileResourcesReport error
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