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With its domestic crude oil output stagnating and the demand for oil continuing to rise at an ever-increasing pace, India has an opportunity to use substitutes of fossil fuels for both, economic and environmental benefits. Ethanol and biodiesel are some such options.
National Policy on Biofuels has a provision for blending mandate of 20% Ethanol and Bio-diesel by 2017.
In India, there is a vast potential for the production of biodiesel from Jatrophaand Pongamia pinnata as they occur in plenty in forests and wastelands. In December 2009, the Union government launched the National Biodiesel Mission (NBM) identifying Jatrophaas the most suitable tree-borne oilseed for biodiesel production to help achieve a proposed biodiesel blend of 20 per cent with conventional diesel by 2017. Biodiesel procurement started in 2014 and a pilot programme was started in August 2015. It has been extended to six states.Why there has been slow progress in this programme:-
Much has been done to initiate large-scale cultivation, increasing Jatrophayield and switching to substitutes. However, much of this has not yielded successful results. Moreover, several existing biodiesel plants shifted operations to adopt multiple feedstock technology. For instance, they use used cooking oils, animal fats and imported crude vegetable oils to produce biodiesel while private producers are encouraged to sell more biodiesel directly to end-users provided they meet the prescribe Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) norms.
Several corporations, petroleum companies and private companies have entered into Memoranda of Understanding with state governments to establish and promote Jatrophaplantations on government-owned wastelands or through contract farming with small and medium farmers. However, due to constraints like limited availability of wasteland and high plantation and maintenance costs, biodiesel projects became unviable. Trial results with High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of Jatrophafor production of biodiesel have not been satisfactory. Consequently, because of limited availability of biodiesel and the volatile nature of its prices, the speed of blending had suffered a setback. Difficulty in initiating large-scale cultivation of Jatropha:- The higher gestation period of biodiesel crops (3–5 years for Jatropha) results in a longer payback period and creates additional problems for farmers where state support is not readily available. An ICAR study also points out that the Jatropha-based biodiesel production programme is bogged down with several obstacles like slow progress in planting, sub-optimal processing and marketing infrastructure and under-developed distribution channels.
A substantial research thrust on the development of second and third generation feedstocks is crucial to address the future bio energy needs of the country. There is an urgent need to undertake research by public sector Oil Manufacturing Companies to achieve higher yield of feedstock, developing short duration crops and jatropha cultivation through planned varietal improvement programmes, particularly in a few selected areas of the country to establish its viability. The principal changes in policy required are a multi-feed feedstock approach, an attractive incentive mechanism, both at the feedstock stage as well as biodiesel production stage, and research and development for increasing the yield from feedstock.
By: SONAM SHEORAN ProfileResourcesReport error
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