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Urbanization :
Urbanization is an emerging phenomenon in the developing countries, going by the present trends of urbanization more than half of the world population would be living in urban areas by the turn of this century. As per 2001 census, out of total 1.02 billion population of India, the urban population isabout 285 million, which is 27.8% of total population. The rate of urban growth in the country is very high as compared to developed countries and the large cities are becoming large mostly due to continuous migration of population to these cities. Based on the population forecast made by registrar general, census operation, Government of India, the urban population is expected to reach 433 million by 2012, while the total population may reach 1340 million. Thus, the level of urbanization in the country in the year 2021 is expected to be about 32%. By way of the increase in urban population, urban centersare at risk of numerous problems. These problems are associated with physical, infrastructural, environmental and socio-economic. Thus,keeping in view a systematic and planned policy for urban development is needed.
Municipal Reforms by Government :
In recognition of Municipal Government, the Government of India attempted several reforms such as enactment of model municipal law, Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission and the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA). Before this amendment, Municipal bodies were established under various law passed by the legislatures or executive orders of the government. The structure, function and powers of these bodies were different from state to state in India.A number of problems confronting local governments began to emerge, such as excessive official control, narrow franchise, inadequate resources, lack of education and training, shortage of capable and committed persons, and inadequate control of local bodies over services. A need was felt to strengthen the local government institutions that would look after the day-to-day civic affairs in an efficient manner. A number of steps were taken from time to time in an attempt to reform local governments. In response to these immediate reforms were made to construct the municipal government responsive, transparent inclusive and capable.
74th Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA) :
The Constitution (74th Amendment) Act, 1992 is a landmark initiative of the Government of India to strengthen local self-government in cities and towns. It is built upon the premise that all ‘power’ in a democracy rightfully belongs to ‘the, people’.The mandate of the Municipalities is to undertake the tasks of planning for ‘economic development and social justice’ and implement city/town development plans. This role is much larger than what is traditionally perceived of them as the providers of ‘services’. The 74th Amendment Act aims transformation in the ‘structure’ of urban service delivery.
74th CAA has introduced some changes in Municipal Government :
Initiative of Haryana Government :
Government of India has taken several initiatives towards good urban governance with a view to making urban local bodies as self-sustaining viable entities of local self government.In tune with national developments, Haryana governments have also taken various innovative steps to promote Municipal Corporation.Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. The state is divided into four divisions for administrative purpose -Ambala Division, Rohtak Division, Gurgaon Division and Hisar Division. There are 21 districts, 47 sub-divisions, 67 tehsils, 45 sub-tehsils and 116 blocks. Haryana has a total of 81 cities and towns and 6,759 villages.
The administrative divisions of Haryana :
Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA) :
Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA), a statutory body of Government of Haryana. HUDA is carved out of the erstwhile Department of Urban Estates to overcome the difficulties in development and implementation by different departments and to achieve the speedy development of urbanization in Haryana. HUDA has so far setup 27 urban estates throughout the state of Haryana. HUDA takes up all the developmental activities by itself and provide various facilities in the urban estates.
The main functions of HUDA are :
Use of Information Communication Technology in Municipal Corporation :
The government of Haryana has outlined its Information Technology (IT) policy.This policy seeks a deep impact initiative by the state Government in encouraging replacement of traditional delivery system of Municipal public services by IT driven system of governance that works better, cost less and is capable of serving the citizen’s needs with ease.Haryana has an IT vision and a dream that all citizens should access government and private sector services from their own villages and towns. At present, the following Municipal services have been integrated and offered from Common Services Centers (CSCs)for the people Forms & Procedures; Birth & Death Certificate of Urban Areas; House Tax Collection, Billing and Query; Social Welfare Schemes Application acceptance; Caste & Residence Certificate Issuing; Passport Application collection;Arms Licence; License: Permanent Driving License/Duplicate/Renewal; Vehicle Registration Certificate. The Government of Haryana is planning to provide more municipal services to the citizens. In brief it can be said that e-governance initiatives strengthens accountability, increase transparency, improve efficiency and reduce corruption. E-governance is transforming organizations by introducing ICT in their governance system and breaking down organizational boundaries and facilitating democratic processes.
Haryana Urban Infrastructural Development Board :
The Government of Haryana has constituted Haryana Urban Infrastructural Development Board (HUIDB) in April, 2002 with a view to raise resources for provision and up-gradation of Urban Infrastructure in all municipalities; Training facilities in Urban Management and Human resources; Development of Municipalities and Urban Development Department by organizing Seminars, workshops and conferences on Urban management;Coordinating, planning and implementing the approved schemes/projects of the municipalities and The Haryana Urban Infrastructural Development Board has also been declared nodal agency for implementation of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) and Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small & Medium Towns (UIDSSMT).
Urban infrastructure Development Scheme for Small & Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) :
Urban infrastructure Development Scheme for Small & Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) is another initiative of government of Haryana in line of Municipal reform. It aims at improvement in urban infrastructure in towns and cities in a planned manner. The scheme will apply to all cities/towns as per 2001 census, excepting cities/towns covered under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM).
The objectives of the scheme are to :
Conclusion and Suggestions :
The form of urban local governments in India has changed over time. Subsequently, numerous initiatives have been undertaken at national and state level to construct more and more autonomous, participatory, representative, transparent, accountable and dynamic municipalities. Important among these are the enactment of a set of constitutional provisions, implementation of numerous urban development programs and adoption of various innovative practices. Although, municipalities continue to be governed by the respective State legislatures, it has been made mandatory for the State governments to revise their municipal laws in accordance with the recent Constitutional provisions. Even then, the Municipal Government has been facing numerous problems;the financial condition of Municipal Government is not good enough.Municipal Corporation has very limited sources of revenue. They get grants from State or Central Government. Therefore,centre/state government should provide adequate funds and allocate sufficient power for tax collection. It is also necessary that the Municipal Government should be free from political pressure. This is so because if the local bodies belong to the ruling party, they are dictated by the party. If they do not, they are not allowed to function effectively. An effective policy should be made to remove this evil. The process of urbanization has added more problems to Municipal government such as increase of slums, violence, unrest, crime and many other social evils.It is also a vital concern in present scenario, authority must concentrate on it. In nutshell, it may be concluded the several legal reforms are yet to be implemented throughout the country, so that the existing problems of Municipal Government can be cured.
By: Harman Sandhu ProfileResourcesReport error
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