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India is the home to a large number of indigenous people, who are still untouched by the lifestyle of the modern world. Now the question is who are tribes or which people belongs to the tribal groups. In 1960, Chanda Committee determined five standards to include any caste or community in the tribal group. These standards include Geographical isolation, special culture, characteristics of tribes, backwardness and shyness. There are 461 tribal groups in India out of which 424 are considered as the Schedule Tribes.
Regional Distribution of Tribes in India
India can be divided into seven zones on the basis of distribution and diversity of the tribal population which are given below:
1. North Zone
2. North-Eastern Zone
They are of the tribes of Asom, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Meghalaya and Mizoram. They all have the characteristics of the Mongoloids racial group. The major tribal groups are:
These tribes have a very high rate of literacy and conversions to Christianity, mainly because of the missionary activities during the colonial rule.
3. Central Zone
The tribes of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Western Rajasthan and northern Andhra Pradesh come under this zone.
4. Southern Zone
They are the tribes of Central and Southern Western Ghats, who are expanded towards the south of 20 degree latitude. The tribes of Western Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Western Tamil Nadu and Kerala come under this zone.
5. Eastern Zone
The tribes of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and Bihar come under this zone. The tribes of Odisha are Juang, Kharia, Khond and Bhumij.
6. Western Zone
They are the tribes of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Western Rajasthan, and northern Andhra Pradesh.
7. Island Region
The tribes of Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep groups come under this zone.
All the racial groups are identified separately on the basis of their own racial characteristics. These characteristics are the nature and colour of hair, head structure, Nasal index and shape of eyes. However, the racial group groups in India are highly mixed.
By: ABHISHEK KUMAR GARG ProfileResourcesReport error
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