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Different parts in India follow different cropping patterns during a year. It is largely due to variations in physical factors, size of land holdings, market facilities, government policies, infrastructure facilities etc. These factors are discussed below.
Crop diversification and intensification depends on various factors related to:
• Soil and climatic parameters: It determines overall agro-ecological setting • Resource: It covers irrigation, rainfall and soil fertility • Technology: Varieties of seeds, cultural requirements, mechanization, plant protection, and access to information etc. • Infrastructure facilities: Irrigation, transport, storage, trade and marketing, post-harvest handling and processing etc • Condition of Household: Food and fodder self-sufficiency requirement as well as investment capacity. • Socio-economic conditions: Financial resource base, land ownership, size and type of land holding, household needs of food, fodder, fuel, fibre and finance, labour availability etc. • Pricing Structure: It includes output and input prices as well as trade policies and other economic policies that affect these prices either directly or indirectly. • Institutions: It covers farm size and tenancy arrangements, research, extension and marketing systems and government regulatory policies.
Apart from this the factors determining the choice of crops by a farmer may depend largely on-
• Size of the Land Holding: In India marginal and small farmers represent the majority of farming community. So the mono crop paddy has become predominant as it fulfils the household needs and perpetuates the subsistence agriculture with little scope for commercial Cop husbandry. • Literacy: Majority of the farmers are ignorant of the scientific methods involved in mixedcropping, mono cropping and other technological knowhow for practicing better • Disease and pest: The cropping pattern also depends on the possibility of disease and pest infections. • Ecological Suitability: The cropping pattern of a particular region is highly dependent on the ecological condition (temperature, rainfall, humidity, etc.). • Moisture Availability: The source of irrigation greatly determines the type of the cropping pattern to be practiced. For example, in low rainfall area, dry land farming is best possible way to profit maximisation. • Financial Stability: The economic condition of the farmers also affects the cropping pattern. As the cash crops (for example, cotton) involve high capital investments, these are practised only in estate farming. The marginal section of the farms community adopts low cost crops.
Reasons of imbalance in Crop Pattern:
• Prices of food grains have been rising quite fast and the farmers have started growing food crops in the similar way they grow commercial crops like cotton, oil seed crops sugarcane etc. • Cultivation of food grains has become highly remunerative and productive under the influence of new technology. • Traditionally, the Minimum Support Prices for wheat and rice have been maintained reasonably high (in comparison to millets such as Jowar and Bajra). This has helped the farmers to increase their production. • There has been a change in the consumption pattern and people have moved from coarse cereals to wheat and rice for their main dietary grain. This is because of the increase in the income of the people and coarse cereals being the inferior goods.
• The strategic objectives of agricultural development in India have been changing over time.
• Lack of market and storage facilities for horticultural products • Absence of stable price regime for horticultural products
By: ABHISHEK KUMAR GARG ProfileResourcesReport error
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