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• India is the second largest producer of silk in the world. It provides employment to over 8.25million people in the country. • There are four major types of silk produced in India: Mulberry, Tasar, Muga, Eri of which Mulberry accounts for 70% of total raw silk production. • India currently produces all four variety of silk - mulberry, eri, muga and tassar. The silk production is mostly prevalent in Karnataka, Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. • Major Export destination of Indian Silk exports are USA and UAE followed by UK, France, Italy and Germany. Mostly natural silk yarns, fabrics, made-ups, readymade garments, silk carpets and silk waste are exported. • For growth and development of the silk industry Indian Silk Export Promotion Council has also been set up. It organises trade shows and fairs across the world to promote trade with different countries. The council also facilitates meetings between exporters and potential customers. • India’s north eastern region has the unique distinction of producing all these commercial varieties of silk contributes about 21% of the total silk production in the country. • Handlooms account for about 85% of silk consumption in India while powerlooms use the remaining.
Significance of Sericulture
• Low Gestation & High Returns: Five crops can be taken in one year under tropical conditions. • Women friendly occupation as currently they consist of more than 60 % of total workforce. • Ideal Programme for weaker sections of the society, as it less capital intensive industry. • Eco-friendly activity: As a perennial crop with good foliage and root-spread, mulberry contributes to soil conservation and provides green cover. Waste from silkworm rearing can be recycled as inputs to garden. • Fulfil equity concerns: as end-product users are mostly from the higher economic groups, the money flows from high end groups to low end groups. • Labour intensive & high income generating: It generates employment especially in rural sector and is a means to earning foreign exchange.
Challenges faced by industry
• Low export earnings – due to global recession and reduced demand in western countries for silk goods. A weaker rupee is also hurting exports. However, the silk exports are finding non-traditional/new markets in UAE, Nigeria, Thailand etc. • Selling powerloom in the name of handloom – leads to inadequate returns on hardwork of handloom workers since powerloom is much cheaper • Declining inclination of youth towards weaving – as one can earn the same money working at a powerloom with less stress • Competitive pricing - The blending of cheap imported Chinese silk or artificial/synthetic silk yarns putting the natural silk traders on the verge of distress sales. • Decline in area cultivated - Mulberry silk in the country has seen a steady decline in its area of mulberry cultivation because of rapid urbanization, industrialization and a shortage of agricultural labour. • Piece meal approach of government in term of banning foreign silk, lack of integrated market and inadequate knowledge of sericulture amongst the traders.
Way forward
• Establishment of close linkage between forward and backward sub-systems for greater efficiency and synergy as sericulture and silk industry is highly scattered and unorganized. • Adequate thrust on non-traditional uses of silk such as use for artificial skin and other medical applications could create a positive pressure for high value addition. • Protection to some extent of Indian silk market from Chinese cheap raw silk and fabrics by implementation of anti-dumping duty. • Identification and promotion of potential clusters for silk production in potential traditional and nontraditional areas. • Skill up-gradation through structured and specially designed training programme. • Evolution of appropriate cost-effective technologies through focused research projects for the development of superior and hybrid breeds.
By: ABHISHEK KUMAR GARG ProfileResourcesReport error
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