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• Constituting about 6.3% of the global fish production, the sector contributes to 1.1% of the GDP and 5.15% of the agricultural GDP. • There are two branches of fishery sector namely Inland Fisheries and Marine Fisheries. The total fish production has nearly 65% contribution from the inland sector and rest form marine fishing. • Fish and fish products accounts for around 10% of the total exports of the country and nearly 20% of the agricultural exports.
One of the most significant characteristics of Indian fisheries sector is its small-scale nature. Besides being a source of protein rich nutritious food, income and livelihood to poor fishers, the fisheries sector is important for engaging the rural population in a number of ancillary activities- i.e. marketing, retailing, transportation, etc.
Challenges of Fishery Sector
• The sector suffers from low-scale, stagnating yields of inland and freshwater aquaculture, and poor infrastructure such as cold storage facilities, leading to an estimated 15-20 % post-harvest loss. • The access to quality seed and feed for fish farming coupled with inadequate availability of credit makes the poor fisher communities not to invest in fish farming. • For inland harvesting of fish there is no code of conduct for leasing of water bodies and no separate provision of drought affecting this sector. • Loss of habitat and indiscriminate fishing, marine fishing has declined due to depleting resources, energy crisis and resultant high cost of fishing. • Enhanced human activity in aquatic areas creates the frequent occurrence of dead zone/ Hypoxic zones leading to shifting or permanent loss of fishing zone. • With the increased usage of Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP), and poor quality boats have amplified leading to ill-effects on marine culture.
Step that can be taken • On par of agriculture: Aquaculture needs to be treated at par with agriculture in terms of water, power tariff, tax benefits, subsidy, insurance and credit. • Research on aquatic health management and development of disease resistant strains of fish. • Implementation of Dr.B Meenakumari committee recommendations such as creation of buffer zone (between 200 metres and 500 metres in depth) and scientific use of fishing net should be implemented. • Special insurance system for the fishing community and cooperation in safety and security of fishermen with neighbouring countries should be paramount to averse the loss of many fishers lives. The policies should aim at protection of livelihoods of fishers from various other economic and conservational activities. • Revival of cooperative sector with constant engagement of center government would help in achieving the doubling the famers Income 2022. • In the inland sector, while reservoirs and freshwater aquaculture would be the two main pillars of growth, other resources such as upland water bodies, floodplain lakes and wetlands, irrigation canals, saline and waterlogged areas also need to be gradually mainstreamed to start contributing to the production. • Programmes aimed at production and distribution of quality seed and feed for aquaculture and also culture-based-capture fisheries, husbandry of farmed species would be essential to optimize production and productivity from inland fisheries and aquaculture in the country. • While the estimated potential of the offshore waters offers opportunities for increase in production, the fishing fleet has limited capacity to harness the deep sea resources. This calls for up- gradation of the fleet as well as skills and capacities of the fishers and incentives to promote diversified fishing in the offshore waters. Use of Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) and Artificial Reefs (ARs) for stock enhancement and promotion of mariculture could enhance production. • In the area of legislation, the existing Marine Fishing Regulation Act (MFRA) of the coastal States/Union Territories (UTs) needs revision to incorporate the requirements of Code of conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF), etc. Similarly, a model bill is needed for inland fisheries and aquaculture and a Central Act is required to regulate fishing by wholly Indian-owned fishing vessels in the EEZ.
By: ABHISHEK KUMAR GARG ProfileResourcesReport error
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