send mail to support@abhimanu.com mentioning your email id and mobileno registered with us! if details not recieved
Resend Opt after 60 Sec.
By Loging in you agree to Terms of Services and Privacy Policy
Please specify
Please verify your mobile number
Login not allowed, Please logout from existing browser
Please update your name
Subscribe to Notifications
Stay updated with the latest Current affairs and other important updates regarding video Lectures, Test Schedules, live sessions etc..
Your Free user account at abhipedia has been created.
Remember, success is a journey, not a destination. Stay motivated and keep moving forward!
Refer & Earn
Enquire Now
My Abhipedia Earning
Kindly Login to view your earning
Support
Different parts in India follow different cropping patterns during a year. It is largely due to variations in physical factors, size of land holdings, market facilities, government policies, infrastructure facilities etc. These factors are discussed below.
Crop diversification and intensification depends on various factors related to:
• Soil and climatic parameters: It determines overall agro-ecological setting. • Resource: It covers irrigation, rainfall and soil fertility. • Technology: Varieties of seeds, cultural requirements, mechanization, plant protection, and access to information etc. • Infrastructure facilities: Irrigation, transport, storage, trade and marketing, post-harvest handling and processing etc • Condition of Household: Food and fodder self-sufficiency requirement as well as investment capacity. • Socio-economic conditions: Financial resource base, land ownership, size and type of land holding, household needs of food, fodder, fuel, fibre and finance, labour availability etc. • Pricing Structure: It includes output and input prices as well as trade policies and other economic policies that affect these prices either directly or indirectly. • Institutions: It covers farm size and tenancy arrangements, research, extension and marketing systems and government regulatory policies.
Apart from this the factors determining the choice of crops by a farmer may depend largely on- • Size of the Land Holding: In India marginal and small farmers represent the majority of farming community. So the mono crop paddy has become predominant as it fulfils the household needs and perpetuates the subsistence agriculture with little scope for commercial farming. • Literacy: Majority of the farmers are ignorant of the scientific methods involved in mixed cropping, mono cropping and other technological knowhow for practicing better • Disease and pest: The cropping pattern also depends on the possibility of disease and pest infections. • Ecological Suitability: The cropping pattern of a particular region is highly dependent on the ecological condition (temperature, rainfall, humidity, etc.). • Moisture Availability: The source of irrigation greatly determines the type of the cropping pattern to be practiced. For example, in low rainfall area, dry land farming is best possible way to profit maximisation. • Financial Stability: The economic condition of the farmers also affects the cropping pattern. As the cash crops (for example, cotton) involve high capital investments, these are practised only in estate farming. The marginal section of the farms community adopts low cost crops.
Major Agricultural Regions or Zones of India:
Rice region Rice is considered as the major crop in the vast region stretching from lower Gangetic plain to Brahmaputra valley in the east and the circum-coastal alluvial tracts of the peninsula region. Though rice displays overall dominance, considering the secondary importance of other crops, this region may be subdivided into following zones: • Rice-Jute-Tea: This association of crops occurs in far east, near Assam Valley, north-west Bengal and lower Gangetic plains. • Rice-Pulses-Millets-: This association occurs in the western section of the former zone, covering central Bihar, eastern Madhya Pradesh and eastern Uttar Pradesh.
Wheat region This region covers the entire north-western India including the state of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. The major sub-regions are: Wheat-Maize-Sugarcane: This region comprises a great part of wheat regions, coveringv West Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu. Wheat-Jowar-Bajra in Indus Plain covering Punjab and Haryana
Jowar-Bajra Region This crop combination is practised in drought prone region (rainfall 50-100 cm). • Jowar-Cotton in Maharashtra. • Jowar-Cotton-Oilseeds-Millets in Karnataka and Maharashtra. • Jowar-Wheat in entire Rajasthan, Haryana and some parts of Uttar Pradesh. • Bajra-Jowar-Pulses in Rajasthan desert and semi-desert areas.
Cotton Region Cotton cultivation predominates in the black cotton soil (regur) region in the North West India. It covers the Deccan trap region and Gujarat plain. The Narmada, Tapti, Purna, Sabarmati River Valleys are basically heartlands of cotton cultivation. As a cash-crop, cotton cultivation is always associated with one food grain cultivation, preferably Jowar, Bajra or oil seeds. The different sub-regions are:
• Cotton-Jowar-Bajra grows in close association with one another in the Maharashtra and Western Madhya Pradesh. • Cotton-Oilseeds combination developed in Gujarat. • Cotton-Pulses-Rice region developed in Narmada banks and Eastern Gujarat. Millet-Maize Region The cultivation of millet, maize and ragi are found in close association with other major cereals like bajra, wheat, rice etc. Maize cultivation dominates in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh. In Himachal Pradesh, Maize-Barley-wheat combination has developed, particularly in the foothills of the Himalayas. Some parts of the Aravalli have the peculiar crop combination of MaizeCotton-Oilseeds-Millets-Wheat.
Ragi Cultivation predominates in South of Karnataka.
Fruit & Spice Region This is the smallest region among the different crop regions. High-altitude hilly areas come under the territory of this region. The ‘Duns’ and valleys in Himalayas, foothills of Nilgiri, Annamalai, Palni and Cardamom hills in Tamil Nadu and Kerala may be classified as fruit and spice region. Here, the dominant agricultural activity is fruit orchards and plantations.
Plantation and Other Commercial Crops Crops under this category include sugarcane, tobacco, potato, jute, tea, coffee, coconut, rubber and other crops, such as spices and condiments. Some of them are seasonal, some annual and some perennial. Most of them require specific environmental conditions and from the point of view of cropping patterns, they are concentrated in some particular regions. Besides, certain horticultural crops, such as apple, mango and citrus, are important.
By: Priyank Kishore ProfileResourcesReport error
Access to prime resources